River Mersey
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- See also Mersey River (Tasmania) and Mersey River (Nova Scotia).
| River Mersey | |
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| Origin | Stockport, Greater Manchester |
| Mouth | Liverpool Bay |
| Basin countries | England |
| Length | 70 miles (112 km) |
| Source elevation | requires input |
| Mouth elevation | requires input |
| Avg. discharge | requires input |
| Basin area | requires input |
The River Mersey is a river in North West England. It is 70 miles (112 km) long, stretching from Stockport, Greater Manchester, and ending at Liverpool Bay, Merseyside. For centuries, it formed part of the ancient county divide between Lancashire and Cheshire.
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[edit] Course
The Mersey is formed from three tributaries: the River Etherow, the River Goyt and the River Tame. The modern accepted start of the Mersey is at the confluence of the Tame and Goyt, in central Stockport, Greater Manchester. However, older definitions, and many older maps, place its start a few miles up the Goyt; for example the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica states "It is formed by the junction of the Goyt and the Etherow a short distance below Marple in Cheshire on the first-named stream."
[edit] Stockport to Warrington
From Stockport it flows near Didsbury, Stretford, Urmston and Flixton, then at Irlam it flows into the Manchester Ship Canal, which canalised the River Irwell to this point. The course of the Mersey has been obliterated by the Canal past Hollins Green to Rixton although the old river bed can be seen at Warburton; at Rixton the River Bollin enters the Canal from the south and the Mersey leaves the Canal to the north, meandering through Woolston, where the Ship Canal Company's dredgings have formed a nature reserve (Woolston Eyes), and Warrington. It is tidal from Howley Weir in Warrington, although high spring tides often top the weir.
[edit] Runcorn Gap
West of Warrington the river widens, passing through the Runcorn Gap between the towns of Runcorn and Widnes, in Halton. The Manchester Ship Canal also lies in the Gap, along the southern bank of the river.
The Runcorn Gap is bridged by the Silver Jubilee Bridge and Runcorn Railway Bridge, while a project known as Mersey Gateway to build a new road bridge over the Mersey east of the existing bridges is currently under consideration, and has received some government support [1].
[edit] Estuary
From the Runcorn Gap, the river widens into a large estuary, which is three miles wide at its widest point near Ellesmere Port. The course of the river then heads north, with Liverpool to the east and the Wirral Peninsula to the west. The Manchester Ship Canal continues along the Cheshire bank of the river as far as Eastham Locks, where it enters the river. The eastern part of this estuary is much affected by silting, and part of it is marked on modern maps as dry land instead of as tidal. These wetlands are of importance to wildlife, and are listed as a Ramsar site.
The estuary then narrows to flow between Liverpool and Birkenhead, where it is constricted to a width of 1.2 km (0.75 miles), between Albert Dock and the Woodside ferry terminal. It then flows into Liverpool Bay on the Irish Sea, after a total course of around 70 miles.
The conurbation on both sides of the river in this area is known as Merseyside.
[edit] River crossings
Two road tunnels run under the Mersey at Liverpool: the older Queensway Tunnel (opened 1934) connecting with Birkenhead, and the Kingsway Tunnel (opened 1971) connecting with Wallasey. There is also a railway tunnel dating back to the 1880s, which carries passenger services on the Wirral Line of the Merseyrail franchise.
The Mersey Ferry runs between the Pier Head at Liverpool, and the Birkenhead terminals at Seacombe and Woodside.
[edit] Etymology
One explanation for the river's name comes from Anglo-Saxon Mǽres-ēa = "border river", likely because it was the border between Mercia and Northumbria.
Another explanation is possible: Mære can also mean "lake, pond, mere, water basin, sea". The old Welsh name could be môr-afon (sea-river) or môr-dwfr (sea-water). Mære , môr and Latin mare are an old Indo-European word. It is possible that the Anglo-Saxons simply anglicized môrafon. Given the fact that the estuary resembles a mere, this interpretation is rational. The argument against "border river" as an original name, is that the river would have obtained its name after it became a border. In the old days, rivers were rarely borders, as they provided a mean of transport. The same people would settle on both river banks. In addition, no river is known to have obtained its name according to a political event. The author who wrote the river name for the first time, must have noticed the strong similarity with border, as the river had become a border at that moment.
[edit] Environment
Water quality in the River Mersey has been severely affected by industrialisation in the region, and in 1985, the Mersey Basin Campaign was established to improve water quality and encourage waterside regeneration. In 2002, oxygen levels that could support fish along the entire length were witnessed for the first time.
Salmon are now found in the river. They can be viewed on the Salmon Steps at Woolston between the months of September and November.
[edit] In popular culture
The river is now internationally famous thanks to the music of the 1960s known as Merseybeat and its strong association with Liverpool, which produced songs such as Ferry Cross The Mersey.
[edit] Tributaries
Major tributaries of the Mersey include: -
- River Etherow
- River Goyt
- River Tame
- River Irwell
- River Bollin
- River Weaver
- River Gowy
[edit] See also
- Arnold Dock
- Rivers of the United Kingdom
- Mersey Sound/Merseybeat
- Mersey and Irwell Navigation
- Acting Conservator of the River Mersey
