Santiago Calatrava

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Personal Information
Santiago Calatrava Valls
Name	Santiago Calatrava Valls
Nationality	Spanish
Birth date	July 28, 1951
Birth place	Valencia
Work
Practice Name	Santiago Calatrava
Significant Buildings	Ciutat de Les Arts i Les Ciències
Significant Projects	Athens Olympic Sports Complex
Awards and Prizes	See below

Santiago Calatrava Valls (born July 28, 1951) is an internationally recognized and award-winning Spanish architect and engineer whose principal office is in Zurich, Switzerland.

Calatrava was born in Valencia, Spain, where he pursued undergraduate studies at the Architecture School and Arts and Crafts School. Following graduation in 1975, he enrolled in the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zürich, Switzerland for graduate work in civil engineering. In 1981, after completing his doctoral thesis, "On the Foldability of Space Frames", he started his architecture and engineering practice. Classed now among the elite designers of the world, he has offices in Zurich, Paris, New York and elsewhere.

Calatrava's early career was dedicated largely to bridges and train stations, the designs for which elevated the status of civil engineering projects to new heights. His elegant and daring Montjuic Communications Tower in Barcelona, Spain (1991) in the heart of the 1992 Olympic site was a turning point in his career, leading to a wide range of commissions. The Quadracci Pavilion (2001) of the Milwaukee Art Museum was his first major US building. Calatrava’s entry into high-rise design began with an innovative 54 storey high twisting tower, called Turning Torso (2005), located in Malmö, Sweden. Calatrava is currently designing the future train station - World Trade Center Transportation Hub - at Ground Zero in New York City.

Calatrava’s style has been heralded as bridging the division between structural engineering and architecture. In this, he continues a tradition of Spanish modernist engineering that includes Félix Candela and Antonio Gaudí. Nonetheless, his style is very personal and derives from numerous studies he makes of the human body and the natural world.

Puente del Alamillo at night, Seville, Spain, (1992)

1 Calatrava as sculptor
2 Recognition
3 Recent Projects
4 Criticism
5 Notable works
6 Awards
7 Exhibits
8 See also
9 References and notes
10 External links

[edit] Calatrava as sculptor

Calatrava is also a prolific sculptor and painter, claiming that the practice of architecture combines all the arts into one. In 2005, the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, held an exhibition of his artistic work, entitled "Santiago Calatrava: Sculpture Into Architecture." Exhibitions of his work have also taken place in Germany, England, Spain, Italy and elsewhere.

[edit] Recognition

Calatrava has received numerous recognitions. In 1990 he received the "Médaille d´Argent de la Recherche et de la Technique", Paris. In 1993, the Museum of Modern Art in New York held a major exhibition of his work called “Structure and Expression." In 1998 he was elected to become a member of "Les Arts et Lettres," in Paris. In 2004, he received the Gold Medal from the American Institute of Architects (AIA).

In 2005, Calatrava was awarded the Eugene McDermott Award by the Council for the Arts of MIT. The Award is among the most esteemed arts awards in the US. ^[1]

The interior of the BCE Place Galleria, Toronto (1992).	L'Umbracle at the Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències in Valencia (1996).	Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències, Valencia, Spain.	Milwaukee Art Museum
Turning Torso in Malmö, Sweden

[edit] Recent Projects

One of his newest projects is a residential skyscraper named "80 South Street" after its own address, composed of 10 townhouses in the shape of cubes stacked on top of one another. The townhouses move up a main beam and follow a ladder-like pattern, providing each townhouse with its own roof. The "townhouse in the sky" design has attracted a high profile clientele, willing to pay the hefty US$30 million for each cube. It will be built in New York City's financial district facing the East River.

He has also designed the proposed skyscraper, the Chicago Spire, in Chicago. Originally commissioned by Chicagoan Christopher Carley, Irish developer Garrett Kelleher purchased the building site for the project in July of 2006 when Carley's financing plans fell through. Kelleher is currently in negotiations with Carley and Calatrava to purchase Calatrava's design for the building. Kelleher's close working relationship with the Anglo Irish Bank, and his own wealth which will allow him to personally finance 100 percent of the equity in the project, will make it easier for Kelleher to build this project than it was for Carley. Kelleher plans to begin construction of the building in spring of 2007 for completion in 2010. When completed, the Chicago Spire, at 2,000 feet tall, be the tallest building in North America.

Calatrava has also designed three bridges that will eventually span the Trinity River in Dallas. Construction of the first bridge, named after donor Margaret Hunt Hill, has been repeatedly delayed due to high costs, a fact that has sparked much controversy and criticism. If and when completed, Dallas will join the Dutch county of Haarlemmermeer in having three Calatrava bridges.

Women's Bridge, in Puerto Madero, Buenos Aires.

His nephew Alex Calatrava is a professional tennis player.

The Olympic Velodrome, one of many buildings Calatrava designed for the Athens Olympics.

Bahnhof Stadelhofen in Zürich.

Tenerife Opera House, Canary Islands, Spain

[edit] Criticism

Calatrava's work in Bilbao has been criticized for impracticiality. The airport lacks facilities and the bridge's glass tiles are prone to break and getting slippery under the local weather^[2]. In 2007, Calatrava sued Bilbao^[3] for allowing Arata Isozaki to remove a bar from the bridge to connect it to the Isozaki Towers,

[edit] Notable works

[edit] Completed

Trinity Bridge, footbridge over River Irwell, Salford, England
Oberbaumbrücke, Berlin, Germany
Alameda Bridge and metro station, Valencia, Spain
1983-1984, Jakem Steel Warehouse, Munchwilen, Switzerland
1983-1985, Ernsting Warehouse, Coesfeld, Germany
1983-1988, Wohlen High School, Wohlen, Switzerland
1983-1990, Stadelhofen Railway Station, Zürich, Switzerland
1983-1989, Lucerne Station Hall, Lucerne, Switzerland
1984-1987, Bac de Roda Bridge, Barcelona, Spain
1984-1988, Barenmatte Community Center, Suhr, Switzerland,
1986-1987, Tabourettli Theater, Basel, Switzerland,
1987-1992, BCE Place (atrium), Toronto, Canada,
1989-1994, Aéroport Lyon Saint-Exupéry "Satolas" TGV Station, Lyon, France
1992, Puente del Alamillo, Seville, Spain
1992, Puente de Lusitania, Mérida, Spain
1992, Montjuic Communications Tower at the Olympic Ring, Barcelona, Spain
1992, World's Fair, Kuwaiti Pavilion, Seville, Spain
1994-1997, Campo Volantin Footbridge, Bilbao, Spain
1996, Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències, Valencia, Spain
1998, Estação do Oriente or (Gare do Oriente), Lisbon, Portugal
1998, Puente de la Mujer, in the Puerto Madero barrio of Buenos Aires, Argentina
2000, New terminal at Bilbao Airport, Bilbao, Spain
2001, Milwaukee Art Museum, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
2003, James Joyce Bridge, bridge over River Liffey, Dublin, Ireland
2004, redesign of Athens Olympic Sports Complex, Athens, Greece
2004, Sundial Bridge at Turtle Bay, Redding, California, USA
2004, Three bridges (called Harp, Cittern and Lute) spanning the main canal of the Haarlemmermeer, Netherlands
2004, University of Zurich, "Bibliothekseinbau" library remodelling, Zürich, Switzerland
2005, Turning Torso, Malmö, Sweden

[edit] Under construction/Proposed

TGV train station in Liège, Belgium - Under construction

Sundial Bridge at Turtle Bay in Redding, California.

World Trade Center Transportation Hub, New York City, USA
Atlanta Symphony Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
TGV Railway Station, Liège, Belgium
Palacio de Congresos, Oviedo, Spain
Chicago Spire, Chicago, USA
Margaret Hunt Hill bridge, Dallas, Texas, USA
City Entrance Bridge, also known as 'Strings Bridge' Jerusalem, Israel
80 South Street, 835 foot tall stack of 10 condominum units on New York City's East River, starting at $27 Million each. [1]
Medio Padana TAV Station, Reggio Emilia, Italy
3 Bridges on the A1 Motorway and TAV Railway, Reggio Emilia, Italy
Piazzale Roma Footbridge over the Grand Canal, Venice, Italy
Campus, Maastricht, Holland

Calatrava has also submitted designs for a number of notable projects which were eventually awarded to other designers, including the Reichstag in Berlin and the East London River Crossing.

View of the proposed bridge at the entrance to Jerusalem, currently under construction as part of the Jerusalem Light Rail (Mass Transit) Project. Proposed completion: 2008

The future transit hub at the World Trade Center site in New York City, to be completed in 2009. This is an early rendering. The project being built has much shorter spires.

Calatrava's 2,000 feet (610 m) tall skyscraper the Chicago Spire in Chicago, formerly named the Fordham Spire, will be the tallest building in North America when it opens in 2010.

[edit] Never Built

A campus building for Ryerson University in Toronto Canada. His design was dropped for a less expensive design.

[edit] Awards

1992 London Institution of Structural Engineers Gold Medal
1993 Toronto Municipality Urban Design Award
1996 Gold Medal for Excellence in the Fine Arts from the Granada Ministry of Culture
1999 Prince of Asturias Award in Arts
2000 Algur H. Meadows Award for Excellence in the Arts from the Meadows School of the Arts, Southern Methodist University
2006 Eugene McDermott Award in the Arts from the Council for the Arts at MIT,(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
2005 AIA Gold Medal
Designation as a Global Leader for Tomorrow by the World Economic Forum in Davos
2007 Awarded with the Spanish National Architecture Award

[edit] Exhibits

A special exhibition has been presented at the Metropolitan Museum of Art through March 5, 2006 [2]. Images from the exhibition.

[edit] See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Santiago Calatrava

Category:Santiago Calatrava structures

[edit] References and notes

Tzonis, Alexander (1999). Santiago Calatrava: The Poetics Of Movement. Universe. ISBN 0-7893-0360-4.
Tzonis, Alexander (2004). Santiago Calatrava: The Complete Works. Rizzoli. ISBN 0-8478-2641-4.

^ Established to honor Eugene McDermott, founder of Texas Instruments and long-time friend and benefactor to MIT, the award was created by the Council for the Arts at MIT in 1974, and further endowed by Eugene's wife, Margaret. Since its inception, the Council has bestowed the award upon 31 individuals producing creative work in the performing, visual and media arts, as well as authors, art historians and patrons of the arts.
^ Entre losetas y y arquitectos 'estrellas', El Correo, 24 February 2007.
^ Calatrava lleva a los tribunales su guerra con Isozaki por los puentes de Uribitarte, El Correo, 22 February 2007.

[edit] External links

Persondata
NAME	Calatrava, Santiago
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION	engineer, architect
DATE OF BIRTH	July 28, 1951
PLACE OF BIRTH	Valencia, Spain
DATE OF DEATH
PLACE OF DEATH

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