Senate of Iran
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The Senate of Iran (Majles-e Sena) was the upper house legislative chamber that was disbanded after the Islamic Revolution in 1979 in Iran, when the legislature became unicameral. It had been established in 1906 Iranian Constitutional Revolution.
According Chapter 3, Article 45 of the Iranian Constitution of 1906,
In his last major speech before exile at his home in Qom on 26 October 1964, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini denounced the "Capitulation Bill" (a bill that would grant Americans legal immunity in Iran and send them for trial to the United States) and said, "Those old men in the Senate are traitors, and all those in the lower house who voted in favour of this affair are traitors. They are not our representatives."[1] Also, the Iranian Senate approved the government of Shapour Bakhtiar.[2]
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[edit] Members
- One of its prominent members was Dr. Mahmoud Hessaby (1951-1963).
- Another senator was Ali Dashti for 1954-1979[3] .
- Jafar Sharif-Emami, Prime Minister of Iran (1960-1961 & 1978), was in the Iranian senate[4][5][6]. He was the president thereof[7]for a number of years.
Some of its members fled to Israel, Europe, and America.
[edit] Dissolutions
In 1952, Mohammad Mossadeq mangaged to obtain power to rule by decree — first, for a six-month period and then extended — due to his popularity. Later, he organized a plebiscite in 1953, won the votes, and dissolved both the Majlis and Senate[8]. Upon Mossadeq's ouster, the legislative bodies were revived.
Later, in May of 1961, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi dissolved both the Majlis and Senate[9]. Some time after this, the bodies were restored once again.
[edit] See also
[edit] References and notes
- ^ Speech number sixteenIslamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting World Service
- ^ "Iranian senate's approval of Shahpour Bakhtiar's government noted"ABC Evening News for Monday, Jan 15, 1979
- ^ Muslims (Library of Religious Beliefs and Practices), page 213, ISBN 978-0415348829
- ^ http://www.iranian.com/Books/2000/January/SharifEmami/index.html
- ^ Memoirs of Sharif-Emami, Prime Minister [Persian Language] ISBN 0-932885-22-5
- ^ Iran - The Coming of the Revolution
- ^ IRANIAN ORAL HISTORY PROJECT HARVARD UNIVERSITY
- ^ Historical Setting: MOSSADEQ AND OIL NATIONALIZATION
- ^ Confidential, U.S. State Department, Central Files IRAN, 1960-January 1963, Internal Affairs and Foreign Affairs
