Shepherdstown, West Virginia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Shepherdstown is a town in Jefferson County, West Virginia, USA. The population was 803 at the 2000 census.
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[edit] Geography
Shepherdstown is located at (39.432005, -77.806108)GR1.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.9 km² (0.4 mi²), all land.
[edit] Demographics
As of the censusGR2 of 2000, there were 803 people, 410 households, and 168 families residing in the town. The population density was 861.2/km² (2,217.7/mi²). There were 454 housing units at an average density of 486.9/km² (1,253.8/mi²). The racial makeup of the town was 80.20% White, 17.19% African American, 0.50% Native American, 0.87% Asian, 0.12% Pacific Islander, and 1.12% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.87% of the population.
There were 410 households out of which 13.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 28.8% were married couples living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 58.8% were non-families. 41.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.96 and the average family size was 2.72.
In the town the population was spread out with 12.5% under the age of 18, 19.9% from 18 to 24, 25.7% from 25 to 44, 25.9% from 45 to 64, and 16.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 100.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.3 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $40,750, and the median income for a family was $55,000. Males had a median income of $35,833 versus $30,139 for females. The per capita income for the town was $28,539. About 7.5% of families and 15.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.1% of those under age 18 and 1.5% of those age 65 or over.
[edit] History
Colonial settlers began their migration into the northern end of the Shenandoah Valley in the early 1700s. Many crossed the Potomac River at Pack Horse Ford, about one mile (2 km) down river. The Colony of Virginia began issuing Valley land grants in the 1730s. In 1734, Thomas Shepherd was granted 222 acres (898,000 m²) on the south side of the "Potowmack" river, along the Falling Spring Branch (now known as the Town Run). From that tract he selected 50 acres (202,000 m²) and laid out a town. In 1762, the Virginia General Assembly chartered the town of Mecklenburg. Thomas Shepherd was the sole trustee: he owned the town and was responsible for its government.
More than twenty natural springs feed Town Run before it enters the south end of town. It never floods, nor runs dry; it meanders through backyards, under houses, across alleys and beneath five streets. This setting was conducive to millers, tanners, potters, smiths and other artisans. As a result, by 1775 it boasted 1,000 inhabitants.
In 1775, General George Washington issued a call for "Virginia Volunteer Riflemen." Captain Hugh Stephenson filled the ranks of his company here. The troops departed from "Morgan's Spring," about one-half mile (1 km) south of the town limits, on July 16, 1775. This famous "Beeline March to Cambridge" covered 600 miles (1000 km) in 24 days. Thirty-eight Revolutionary veterans are buried in the surrounding area.
On December 3, 1787, James Rumsey conducted a successful trial of his new invention, the steamboat, in the Potomac at the north end of Princess Street. The first newspaper, The Potomac Guardian and Berkley Advertiser, and book, The Christian Panoply, in what is now West Virginia, were published here (1790s). The Shepherdstown Public Library has a copy of the book.
A second charter, which allowed for self-government, was granted in 1794. In 1798, the corporate limits were extended and the name was changed to Shepherd's Town. After the Civil War, the town's name was officially contracted to Shepherdstown.
The part of the C&O Canal, across the river from Shepherdstown, was built during the 1830s. Shepherdstown is the only town, in what is now the state of West Virginia, to have a canal lock named for it. Lock No.38 was the "Shepherdstown Lock."
Two free schools were built here in 1848. One still stands on the southeast corner of Princess and New Streets. When West Virginia became the 35th state (1863) these became the oldest free schoolhouses in the state.
The Hamtramck Guard (The Shepherdstown Light Infantry) was dispatched to Harpers Ferry to subdue John Brown's raid on the Federal Arsenal (October 1859). At the outbreak of American Civil War, this group became Company B, 2nd Virginia Infantry, Army of Northern Virginia. They become part of the famous "Stonewall Brigade."
After the Battle of Antietam, September 17, 1862, General Robert E. Lee's infantry crossed the Potomac at Pack Horse Ford. The town was overwhelmed with 5000 to 8000 casualties of that battle. Every house, building, church, alley and street was filled with the wounded and dying. The Battle of Shepherdstown (also known as the Battle of Boteler's Ford or Cement Mill) occurred on September 20, 1862, during Lee's retreat. More than 100 Confederate soldiers died here and were buried in Elmwood Cemetery. Elmwood's hallowed ground contains the graves of 285 Confederate veterans, and offers its own self-guided walking tour. The graveyard is located five blocks south of the 4-way stop on Route 480.
From 1865-1871, Shepherdstown served as the county seat of Jefferson County due to war damage to the courthouse in Charles Town. The Town Hall (northeast corner of German and King streets) housed the courthouse until it was moved back to Charles Town.
In 1872, the Town Hall Building was chartered as a "Classical and Scientific Institute." The building was then leased to the state and Shepherd College was born. The East Campus occupies about one-third of the town proper and the West Campus occupies a large area just northwest of the corporate limits.
Observe the number of brick buildings. Our clay soil was conducive to brick making. By the late 1790s, there were several commercial brickyards, and kilns could be built with little difficulty. In many instances, bricks were "burnt" at the construction sites. They were plentiful and cheaper than nails. Roofing material affected the market value and the insurance premiums of the brick structures. Those covered with tile were much more valuable then those topped with wooden shingles. Fires starting in the shingles destroyed many brick homes, mills, stores and outbuildings.
The Shepherdstown National Historic District was established and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973 with a boundary increase to include the entire town in 1987.
Presently, many of the town's historical buildings on German Street are home to quaint little shops and cafés. The town is also home to many local artistic and theatrical groups, many of which are affiliated with Shepherd University or operated by youth groups.
[edit] Sites on the National Register of Historic Places
| Site | Year Built | Address | Listed |
|---|---|---|---|
| Boidstones Place (Greenbrakes Farm) | Shepherd Grade | 1999 | |
| Cold Spring | 1793 | CR 17 | 1973 |
| Elmwood | 1797 | CR 17 | 1973 |
| Falling Spring-Morgan's Grove | WV 480 | 1989 | |
| Fruit Hill (Robinson-Andrews-Hoxton House) | Shepherd Grade | 1988 | |
| Capt. William and Robert Lucas House (Linden Spring) | 1793 | CR 31 | 1982 |
| James Marshall House (Marshall Hall) | Shepherd Grade | 1988 | |
| Morgan's Grove | WV 480, WV 230, Morgan's Grove Road | 1999 | |
| Morgan-Bedinger-Dandridge House (Rosebrake) | WV 48 | 1983 | |
| Rockland | 1897 | WV 480 | 1990 |
| Rose Hill Farm (James-Marshall-Snyder Farm) | Off WV 48 | 1990 | |
| Rumsey Hall (Entler Hotel) | late 1700s | German & Princess Streets | 1973 |
| Shepherd's Mill (Thomas Shepherd's Grist Mill) | High Street | 1971 | |
| Van Swearingen-Shepherd House (Bellevue) | 1983 |
[edit] Notable residents
- John James Abert, (1788-1863), born in Shepherdstown, topographical engineer and founder of the National Institute of Science[1]
- Edwin Gray Lee, (1837-1870), Born at Leeland, near Shepherdstown, Confederate brigadier general, lawyer, and relative of Robert E. Lee.
[edit] References
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- ^ (1963) Who Was Who in America, Historical Volume, 1607-1896. Chicago: Marquis Who's Who.
[edit] External links
[edit] Corporation of Shepherdstown links
- Corporation of Shepherdstown Website
- Shepherdstown Film Society
- Shepherdstown Fire Department
- Shepherdstown Information Network
- Shepherdstown Public Library
- Shepherd University
- Shepherdstown Visitors Center
[edit] Business and tourism links
- Magnanimous Records
- The Bavarian Inn
- The Clarion Hotel & Conference Center
- Contemporary American Theatre Festival
- Cress Creek Country Club
- Four Seasons Books
- Historic Shepherdstown & Museum
- Rumsey Tavern
- The Station at Shepherdstown
- Stone Soup Bistro
- Thomas Shepherd Inn
- Three Onions Restaurant & Lounge
- Yankauer Nature Preserve
- The Yellow Brick Bank Restaurant
- Covenant Church
- American Conservation Film Festival
[edit] Maps and satellite imagery
- Maps and aerial photos
- Street map from Google Maps, or Yahoo! Maps, or Windows Live Local
- Satellite image from Google Maps, Windows Live Local, WikiMapia
- Topographic map from TopoZone
- Aerial image or topographic map from TerraServer-USA
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Jefferson County, West Virginia |
|---|---|
| Municipalities |
Bolivar | Charles Town | Harpers Ferry | Ranson | Shepherdstown |
| Unincorporated communities |
Bakerton | Bardane | Blair | Bloomery | Blue Ridge Acres | Browns Corner | Clips Mill | Duffields | Egypt | Engle | Franklintown | Halltown | Jamestown | Johnsontown | Kabletown | Kearneysville | Keyes Ferry Acres | Leetown | Mannings | Mechanicstown | Mechlenberg Heights | Meyerstown | Middleway | Millville | Moler Crossroads | Mountain Mission | Reedson | Rippon | Riverside | Shannondale | Shenandoah Junction | Silver Grove | Skeetersville | Summit Point | Uvilla | Wheatland |
| Parks and natural features |
Blue Ridge Mountains | Harpers Ferry National Historical Park | Opequon Creek | Potomac River | Shenandoah River |
