Ship replica

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A ship replica is a reconstruction of a no longer existing ship. Replicas can range from authentically reconstructed, fully seaworthy ships, to ships of modern construction that give an impression of a historic vessel. Some replicas may not even be seaworthy, but built for other educational or entertainment purposes.

The term "replica" in this context does not normally include scale models. The term museum ship is used for an old ship that has been preserved and converted into a museum open to the public.

A ship replica may also be a generic replica, one that represents a certain type of ship rather than a particular historic example, like the Kamper Kogge, replicating the Cogs that were used extensively in Northern Europe by the Hanseatic League in the Middle Ages, but where there is little knowledge of specific ships.

Reasons to build a replica include historic research into shipbuilding, national pride, exposition at a museum or entertainment (e.g., for a TV series), and/or education programs for the unemployed. Apart from building a genuine replica of the ship, sometimes the construction materials, tools and methods can also copied from the ships' original era, as is the case with the replica of the Batavia in Lelystad and the replica of Ship of the Line De Delft in Rotterdam (Delfshaven).

Some generic type replicas such as Thor Heyerdahl's RA II, qualify as true replicas as these ships were built to investigate the craft and or culture of the original era. That they do not replicate a specific vessel is mainly because no details of such a specific vessel are available.

Some other ships that are modeled after ships of a certain type or era (and are in that sense replicas) do not quality as true replicas. Some ships maybe borderline cases such as the Kanrin Maru, which is actually twice the size of the original, but built following the plans of the original.

Replicas can be temporary, cheap and very simple, such as the replica of a Viking ship that was burnt at the Leixlip Festival.

Notable historic type ships that are not replicas include:

Mircea, which is an almost exact copy of the Gorch Fock. The Mircea was built as a copy because the Gorch Fock was a very successful ship. Thus Mircea was not built as a replica per se, but as a copy for other reasons (i.e. to perform economically, in this case as a training vessel).
Stad Amsterdam also is not a true replica as this is a generic clipper type ship combining the best qualities of clippers of the past with modern materials and technologies.
USS Constitution (1795) is strictly speaking not a replica but the original vessel. However, every part of the ship, except the keel, has been replaced over time. This is a modern version of the philosopher's dilemma concerning replica versus original; known as the Ship of Theseus dilemma.

[edit] Notable ship replicas

Some sailing ship replicas with their home port; and key information of the original (many articles are about the original ship):

[edit] Europe, Australia, America

Ship name	Type	Current port^a	Current affiliation	Affiliation	Original Built	Notable for	End	Remark
Ra II	Reed boat	Oslo, Norway	Bygdøy maritime museum		app. 4000BC	Ancient Egypt merchant. Crossed Atlantic, Heyerdahl	app. 2000BC	Class replica
Olympias	Trireme	Faliro, Greece	dama		app. 700BC	Main warship of ancient Greece	app. 400BC	Class replica
Lisa von Lübeck	Hanseatic cog	Lübeck, Germany			app. 1200	Main medieval merchant	app. 1500	Class replica
Kamper Kogge	Hanseatic cog	Kampen, the Netherlands			app. 1200	Main medieval merchant	app. 1500	Class replica
Santa María	Carrack	1)Palos de la Frontera, Spain 2)Columbus, Ohio, US 3)Edmonton, Canada 4)Funchal, Portugal			app. 1490	Columbus 1492 squadron	ran aground 1492	Several replicas, all based on conjectures
Pinta	Caravel	1)Palos de la Frontera, Spain 2)Bayona, Spain			app. 1490	Columbus 1492 squadron		Several replicas, all based on conjectures
Niña	Caravel	1)Palos de la Frontera, Spain 2)Grand Cayman, UK			app. 1490	Columbus 1492 squadron		Several replicas, all based on conjectures
Matthew		Bristol, UK			app. 1495	John Cabot's ship to America in 1497
Victoria	Carrack	Seville, Spain			app. 1515	Only survivor of Magellan's 1519-1522 travel		Achieved to survive the circumnavigation of the globe again in 2006.
Golden Hinde	Tudor	London, UK			app. 1575	1577-1580 circumnavigation
Duyfken	East Indies Explorer	Perth, Australia			1595	discovery of Australia 1606	irreparable damage 1608
Discovery	Barque	Jamestown, USA			1602	first UK settlement, 1607
Godspeed	Brigantine	Jamestown, USA			app 1605	first UK settlement, 1607
Susan Constant	Merchant	Jamestown, USA			app 1605	first UK settlement, 1607
Halve Maen	West Indies Explorer	Albany, USA			app 1605	discovery of New York, Henry Hudson, 1609
Mayflower II	Merchant	Plymouth, USA			app 1607?	Pilgrim ship 1620	dismantled 1623?
Kalmar Nyckel	Dutch Pinnace 280 tonne ship rigged	Kalmar Nyckel Foundation, USA			1625	Founded New Sweden colony at Frot Christina (Wilmington, Delaware, USA)	late 17^th century	Charters, Daysails, Appearances
Batavia	East Indies Merchant	Lelystad, The Netherlands			1628	mutiny 1629	wrecked 1629
Prins Willem	East Indies Merchant	Den Helder, the Netherlands			1649		sank 1662
Nonsuch	Merchant	Winnipeg, Canada	Manitoba Museum		1650	First trading in Hudson Bay 1668-69	sank 1662
Zeven Provinciën	Ship of the Line (80 guns)	Lelystad, the Netherlands			1665	Flagship of Michiel de Ruyter	decommissioned 1694	Under construction
Götheborg	East Indies Merchant	Gothenburg, Sweden		SOIC	app. 1740		sank 1745
Amsterdam	East Indies Merchant	Amsterdam, the Netherlands	Scheepvaart Museum		1749		grounded 1749
Surprise/Rose	Frigate	San Diego, USA	San Diego Maritime Museum		1757	1776 attack New York. Master and Commander	scuttled 1779	Renamed Surprise after movie
Jacobstads Wapen	Galleon	Jakobstad, Finland			app. 1750
Endeavour	Bark	Sydney, Australia			1768	Captain Cook's ship	unclear
Santísima Trinidad	Ship of the line (144 guns)	Málaga, Spain			1769	battles of Cape St Vincente & Trafalgar	sank 1805
De Delft^[1]	Ship of the Line (54-60 guns)	Rotterdam, the Netherlands	Scheepswerf 'De Delft'		1783	Battle of Camperdown	sank 1797	Under Construction
Bounty	Bark	Sydney, Australia			1787	Mutiny 1789	burned 1790
Grand Turk	Frigate	Middlesex, UK			app. 1790			Generic Nelson age war ship replica used in Hornblower
Lady Nelson	Brig	Tasmania, Australia			1799	Explored Australian coastline	1825 capture by pirates
Lynx	Schooner	Newport Beach, USA			app 1810	UK blockade running privateer
Pride of Baltimore	Topsail Schooner	Baltimore, USA			app 1812	UK blockade running privateer		Type replica
Amistad	Schooner	New Haven, USA		private owner	app 1825	Involved in Slave trading incident 1839	unknown after 1844
Enterprize	Schooner	Melbourne, Australia			1829	Transported European settlers to Melbourne
Lady Washington	Brig	Aberdeen, USA		Private Owner	app 1750	first US merchant to reach Japan	foundered 1798
HMS Sultana	Schooner	Chestertown, USA			1767	US colony coast patrol	auctioned 1772
Pilgrim	Brig	Dana Point, USA		Private owner	1825	1834 novel by Richard Henry Dana, Jr.	burned at sea 1856	Used in Amistad movie
Californian	Schooner	San Diego, USA				patrolled Californian coast app. 1850		based on C.W. Lawrence
Bluenose II	Schooner	Lunenburg, Canada			1921	Winning Racing Schooner	grounded 1946	Fundraising for Bluenose III

^a If more than one replica is made the home port of the different current ports are given in a numbered list

[edit] Asia

SS Bandırma; Turkish passenger cargo vessel
Kanrin Maru; Minami Awaji harbour, Japan; a double-size replica of a Japanese warship
Namihaya; Osaka Maritime Museum, Japan; 5th Century Japanese Ship Replica
San Juan Bautista; Ishinomaki, Japan; a Japanese warship
Turtle ship; a generic replica of a Korean ship
Michinoku Maru; Michinoku Traditional Wooden Boat Museum, Japan; 18th century Japanese Trade Ship (Kitamae Bune) Replica

[edit] Other

Bounty; two replicas of this ship have been built for films about the famous mutiny.
Hokule'a; Honolulu, Hawaii; an ancient Hawaiian vessel.
Makali'i; Kawaihae, Hawaii; an ancient Hawaiian vessel.
Alingano Maisu; Kawaihae, Hawaii; an ancient Hawaiian vessel.
Hokualakai; Hilo, Hawaii; an ancient Hawaiian vessel.
Iosepa; Honolulu, Hawaii; an ancient Hawaiian vessel.
Hawaiiloa; Honolulu, Hawaii; an ancient Hawaiian vessel.
Te Aurere; Auckland, New Zealand; an ancient Maori vessel.
Aotearoa One; Auckland, New Zealand; an ancient Maori vessel.
Te Au O Tonga; Rarotonga, Cook Islands; an ancient Polynesian vessel.
Takitumu; Rarotonga, Cook Islands; an ancient Polynesian vessel.
Tahiti Nui; Tahiti, French Polynesia; an ancient Polynesian vessel, formerly named "Hawaiki Nui".

[edit] Other vessels

Ictineu II; Barcelona, Spain; a replica of the first mechanically powered steam driven submarine.
The Hjortspring Boat is replica of a Danish Iron Age rowing boat.

At the Viking Ship Museum in Roskilde, replicas of Viking ships are built.