Socialist Party USA
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| Socialist Party USA | |
|---|---|
 |
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| Party Chairman | Susan Dorazio Raul Cano |
| Senate Leader | None |
| House Leader | None |
| Founded | 1973 |
| Headquarters | 339 Lafayette St. Suite #303 New York, NY 10012 |
| Political ideology | Democratic socialism |
| Political position | Left-wing |
| International affiliation | None |
| Color(s) | Red |
| Website | Socialist Party USA |
The Socialist Party USA (SP USA) is one of the heirs to the Socialist Party of America of Eugene V. Debs and Norman Thomas. It is a democratic socialist, multi-tendency party, advocating a broad-based, democratic social revolution from below. Their youth affiliate is the Young People's Socialist League.
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[edit] History
The Socialist Party USA was one of three organizations to emerge from a split of the Socialist Party of America in 1972-1973. In 1958, the Trotskyist Independent Socialist League led by Max Shachtman dissolved to join the SPA. Shachtman, whose politics had begun to move sharply to the right since his days as a Trotskyist leader, argued both for militant opposition to Soviet-style Communism and that the Socialist Party should attempt to re-align with the Democratic Party. By 1972 Shachtman's Unity Caucus had taken control of the Socialist Party and blocked a resolution opposing the Vietnam War. In the 1972 presidential election, Shachtman's caucus initially backed Scoop Jackson, then refused to oppose Richard Nixon after Jackson was defeated in the primaries.
In response, two groups broke off: the Coalition Caucus led by Michael Harrington supported antiwar Democrat George McGovern and went on to form the Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee (later Democratic Socialists of America), while the left-wing Debs Caucus backed People's Party anti-war candidate Benjamin Spock. The Debs Caucus formed the Union for Democratic Socialism, which became the Socialist Party USA in 1973, when the Shachtmanites who remained in the SPA renamed their organization Social Democrats USA. A number of local branches of the old SPA also participated in the formation of the Socialist Party USA.
Committed to independent socialist politics, the reconstituted SP quickly began fielding its own candidates, including a 1976 Presidential ticket of Frank Zeidler and Quinn Brisben. In 1980, the SP became the first American party to nominate an openly gay man for President, anti-war activist David McReynolds, who would run for a second time in 2000.
The Socialist Party experienced substantial growth in the early years of the 21st century, expanding from only 600 members to around 1,600. Socialists surprised many in some recent elections, most notably in Milwaukee in 2000, where Socialist Wendell Harris received almost 20% of the vote for mayor. Some Socialists, such as Lisa Weltman and David McReynolds, have also campaigned as Green Party candidates, leading to some conflicts with others who felt that this compromised the SP's independence. As a result, the national party refused to endorse Howie Hawkins's 2006 Senate campaign in New York, since it felt Hawkins did not make sufficient note of his membership in the SP. Despite this, Hawkins received the support of members and locals in New York.
The SP focuses on grassroots activism in addition to electoral politics.[1] It has conducted "Socialist Summer" campaigns in recent years to address issues such as counter-recruitment and fighting to end the military-industrial complex; supporting immigrant workers and battling persecution of immigrants following the September 11, 2001 attacks; and promoting civil liberties and civil rights. To promote activism, the SP has set up a dual structure of "Commissions" in addition to geographical local and state affiliates, which allow members with common interests to network and conduct campaigns. Active commissions include the Women's Commission, Labor Commission, Faith and Socialism Commission, Queer Commission, People of Color Commission, Environmental Commission, and others.
The Socialist Party holds National Conventions in odd-numbered years and Organizing Conferences in even-numbered years. The most recent National Convention took place October 21-October 23, 2005 in Newark, New Jersey, and the next will take place in mid-October 2007. The most recent Organizing Conference was held in Detroit, Michigan on August 4-August 6, 2006.
[edit] Platform and principles
The Socialist Party USA describes itself as a democratic socialist party. It is as equally against Soviet-style Communism as it is anti-capitalist.[2]. The Party's principles and platform call for the elimination of the power of big business through public ownership and workers' control, production for use instead of profit, and the establishment of a classless society. The party is also strongly committed to internationalism and the struggle against racism, sexism, classism, heterosexism, and homophobia. [3].
As an organization advocating socialist direct democracy, the party rejects those models of organization often called Leninist, as well as the practices commonly called "democratic centralism", meaning that SP members are often free to disagree publicly with party policy. However, dues-paying members are required to abide by the SP's Statement of Principles. Since there are varying views within the membership on the means of achieving socialism based on the Statement of Principles, there is occasionally disagreement over what actions by members are appropriate and what merit censure. The party also strives to achieve a relative unity in action.
Some SP members advocate an evolutionary approach to socialism, favoring a social democratic transition period; they cite the social democratic systems of nations like Sweden as examples to follow. Others, however, consider Swedish-style social democracy to be essentially capitalist in nature, and favor a more radical or revolutionary transformation of society from capitalist to socialist. Some SP members also advocate revolutionary nonviolence or pacifism, while others consider armed struggle a possible necessity. The Party's Statement of Principles rejects equating socialism with a "welfare state" and calls for democratic social revolution from below [4]. Many party members consider labor struggles to be of particular importance, and work in the party's Labor Commission.
The party's independence is also debated. Although the party's Statement of Principles explicitly rejects working within the two major parties, some feel that if the SP does not cooperate with progressive Democrats and, even more so, other progressive organizations such as the Green Party and Labor Party, it runs the risk of turning into a sectarian left-wing splinter group. Others believe that if the SP compromises its independence and its principles by working within other parties it will become little more than an irrelevant special-interest pressure group.
The party is strongly committed to gender egalitarianism and advocating an end to gender oppression and stereotypes in general. It requires gender parity among its officers and organizes pro-choice activities. Its platform considers abortion a part of women's healthcare rights. There is an active Women's Commission which publishes a quarterly newsletter, Socialist Women.
[edit] Presidential tickets
- 1976 - Frank P. Zeidler & J. Quinn Brisben 6,038 votes
- 1980 - David McReynolds & Diane Drufenbrock 6,898 votes
- 1988 - Willa Kenoyer & Ron Ehrenreich 3,882 votes
- 1992 - J. Quinn Brisben & Barbara Garson 3,057 votes
- 1996 - Mary Cal Hollis & Eric Chester 4,764 votes
- 2000 - David McReynolds & Mary Cal Hollis 5,602 votes (on ballot in seven states)
- 2004 - Walter F. Brown & Mary Alice Herbert 10,837 votes (on ballot in eight states)
[edit] See also
- The Socialist magazine
- Industrial Workers of the World
- Solidarity (US)
- Luxemburgism
- List of political parties in the United States
- List of democratic socialist parties and organizations
Tendencies:
State affiliates:
- Socialist Party of Florida
- Socialist Party of Massachusetts
- Socialist Party of Michigan
- Socialist Party of New Jersey
- Socialist Party of Oregon
[edit] References
- ^ Tactics and Organizing, Socialist Party Handbook.
- ^ Socialist Party USA: Who We Are, Where We Stand.
- ^ [1] and [2]
- ^ [3]
[edit] External links
Official: Socialist Party USA
Affiliates: Young People's Socialist League
Campaigns: Activist Campaigns
Caucuses & Tendencies:
Commissions:
- Faith and Socialism Commission
- Labor Commission
- People of Color Commission
- Queer Commission
- Other commissions (Women's Commission, International Commission, Environmental Commission, Arts & Culture Commission, Native American Commission, and Youth Commission)
Elections:
Publications:
State affiliates and locals:
- Socialist Party of California
- Chicago SPUSA Local Organizing Committee
- Central/Eastern Connecticut Local
- Socialist Party of Florida
- Socialist Party of Massachusetts
- Socialist Party of Michigan
- Socialist Party of New Jersey
- Socialist Party of New York State
- Socialist Party of Texas
| Political Parties of the United States | |
|---|---|
| Major Parties | Democratic | Republican |
| Third Parties | Constitution | Green | Libertarian |
| Smaller Parties | Reform | Socialist Workers | VT Progressive |
| Historical Parties | Anti-Masonic | Democratic-Republican | Farmer-Labor | Federalist | National Republican Non-Partisan League | Populist (People's) Party | Progressive | Whig | Dixiecrat |
| See List of political parties in the United States for a complete list. | |
