Swatara State Park
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| Swatara State Park, Pennsylvania, USA | |
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| IUCN Category III (Natural Monument) | |
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| Location: | Schuylkill and Lebanon Counties, Pennsylvania, USA |
| Nearest city: | Pine Grove, Pennsylvania |
| Coordinates: | |
| Area: | 3,515 acres (14.22 km²) |
| Established: | 1987 |
| Governing body: | Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources |
Swatara State Park is a 3,515 acre (14.22 km²) Pennsylvania State Park in Lebanon and Schuylkill Counties in Pennsylvania in the United States. Eight miles (13 km) of Swatara Creek lie within the park's boundaries, which are roughly formed by Pennsylvania Route 443 to the north and Interstate 81 to the south.
Swatara State Park is in Bethel, Swatara, and Union Townships in northern Lebanon County, and Pine Grove Township in southern Schuylkill County. The park is in a valley in the ridge and valley region of Pennsylvania between Second Mountain (north) and Blue Mountain (south).
Swatara State Park is a fairly new park for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. It was opened in 1987 and is still largely undeveloped. There are plans in place to build camping and picnic facilities as well as an environmental education center.
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[edit] History
[edit] Susquehannock Indians
The early history of Swatara State Park is tied to the Susquehannock people, Native Americans that once inhabited the ridge and valley region of Pennsylvania. This region of Pennsylvania is very mountainous, with the mountains located in close proximity to each other with narrow valleys between. Swatara Creek is in one of these valleys. The Susquehannock used it as a transportation route.
[edit] Coal and Canals
This region of Pennsylvania was first settled by Europeans in the 1750s. Anthracite coal was soon discovered in the area of Tremont. Coal mines were soon opened in the area and by the 1820s the demand for coal was such that a canal was built to connect the Susquehanna River with the Schuylkill River. This canal was known as the Union Canal. It stretched from Middletown on the Susquehanna through Lebanon and to Reading on the Schuylkill River. A 672 acre reservoir was built on the land that is now Swatara State Park. A branch canal was built from Lebanon through Pine Grove and on to the reservoir. This canal provided water for the main branch of the Union Canal. Barges filled with anthracite coal traveled down the canal to the industrial centers of central Pennsylvania. The dam holding the reservoir was washed away in the Flood of 1862. The dam was never rebuilt and the branch canal was never reopened. The Union Canal was closed in 1885, as did most canals during this era as they simply could not compete with the efficiency of the railroads. Remains of the dam and five canal locks can still be seen on the grounds of Swatara State Park, providing an example of how nature has taken back some of the land that was used during central Pennsylvania's industrial past.
[edit] Railroads to Bike Trails
Swatara State Park's Rail Trail, a bike trail, follows the old railroad bed of the Lebanon and Tremont Branch of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad. This branch connected the West End coalfields of Schuylkill County with the town of Lebanon, paralleling the derelict branch canal below Pine Grove. The railroad was king until the 1960s when Interstate 81 was completed. The branch was abandoned east of Suedberg in 1965, and the remainder between 1978 and 1981. The right of way to the former railroad was tranferred to the state. This led to the creation of the Swatara State Park Rail Trail, part of Pennsylvania's Rails to Trails program.
[edit] Recreation
[edit] Fishing
The waters of Swatara Creek were heavily polluted by runoff from the coal mines and sewage from the nearby municipalities. Over the years the water quality has gradually improved and there are now some fish living in the waters of Swatara Creek. Smallmouth bass and panfish can be caught in Swatara Creek. Irving's Pond is the home to largemouth bass and some panfish. Cold water species of fish such as rainbow trout and brown trout can be caught in Trout Run and other tributaries of Swatara Creek.
[edit] Hunting
Hunting is permitted in most of Swatara State Park. Hunters are expected to follow the rules and regulations of the Pennsylvania State Game Commission. The most common game species are ruffed grouse, squirrels, turkey, white-tailed deer, waterfowl and pheasant. There are also some black bears, opossum, muskrats and raccoons.
[edit] Boating
Boating in Swatara State Park is limited to canoes and kayaks. This type of boating is popular at the park and there are several easily accessible launch points along the banks of Swatara Creek.
[edit] Hiking
The Appalachian Trail passes through Swatara State Park for two miles at the southern end. The trail crossed Swatara Creek at the historic Waterville Bridge. This unique bridge was moved from Waterville in Lycoming County (where it crossed Little Pine Creek) to Swatara State Park in the 1980s. The bridge is too narrow for modern use, so instead of being destroyed, it was moved to be used on the Appalachian Trail. The bridge is a parabolic structure known as a lenticular truss. The Swatara Rail Trail and Old State Route 443 combine to make a ten mile loop to provide less strenuous hiking at the park.
[edit] Natural History
Forests are overtaking the land formerly used by farmers, miners, canalmen and railroadmen. Woodlands are plentiful at Swatara State Park. Visitors can observe the slow process in which nature reclaims the land previously used by man. Fossil hunters can find ancient marine fossils at a site along Old State Route 443.
[edit] The Future
The Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources is working on plans to further develop the lands of Swatara Creek State Park. The original plans called for the building of a dam and reservoir for recreational fishing and boating as well as to provide drinking water for The City of Lebanon. The PDCNR is also exploring plans for developing the park without the recreational lake/reservoir.
[edit] Nearby state parks
- Boyd Big Tree Preserve Conservation Area (Dauphin County)
- Joseph E. Ibberson Conservation Area (Dauphin County)
- Locust Lake State Park (Schuylkill County)
- Memorial Lake State Park (Lebanon County)
- Nolde Forest Environmental Education Center (Berks County)
- Shikellamy State Park (Northumberland and Union Counties)
- Tuscarora State Park (Schuylkill County)
[edit] References
- Swatara State Park. Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. Retrieved on 2006-10-20.
- Swatara State Park Planning Underway. Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. Retrieved on 2006-10-20.
- Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, Bureau of Planning and Research, Geographic Information Division. "2006 General Highway Map of Lebanon County, Pennsylvania". Retrieved on 2006-10-23. (Note: shows Swatara State Park)
- Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, Bureau of Planning and Research, Geographic Information Division. "2006 General Highway Map of Schuylkill County". Retrieved on 2006-10-23. (Note: shows Swatara State Park)
- United States Geological Survey. Swatara State Park, USGS Pine Grove (PA) Topo Map. TopoZone. Retrieved on 2006-10-23.
