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Black Death

From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Illustration of the Black Death from the Toggenburg Bible (1411).
Illustration of the Black Death from the Toggenburg Bible (1411).

The Black Death was an epidemic (a disease that goes over a large area) that killed millions of people in the Old World during the Middle Ages. It started in Europe in 1347, and lasted until 1351. Almost one out of every three people in Europe got the disease and died. Many people now think the disease was the bubonic plague, which was spread by fleas that were carried by rats. It spread all over Europe, the Middle East and parts of Asia. It caused swelling on the neck, groin, and under the arms. People were in pain and then they died a horrible death. The symtoms could be seen 3-7 days after being infected.

It killed between a third and two-thirds of Europe's population and, including Middle Eastern lands, India and China, it killed at least 75 million people.

The same disease is thought to have returned to Europe every generation with varying degrees of intensity and fatality until the 1700s. Later outbreaks include the Italian Plague of 1629-1631, the Great Plague of London (1665–1666), the Great Plague of Vienna (1679), the Great Plague of Marseille in 1720–1722 and the 1771 plague in Moscow. There is some controversy over the identity of the disease, but in its virulent form seems to have disappeared from Europe in the 18th century.

The Black Death had a drastic effect on Europe's population, changing Europe's social structure. It was a serious blow to the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in widespread persecution of minorities such as Jews, Muslims, foreigners, beggars and lepers. The uncertainty of daily survival influenced people to live for the moment, as illustrated by Giovanni Boccaccio in The Decameron (1353).

The initial fourteenth-century European event was called the "Great Mortality" by contemporary writers and, with later outbreaks, became known as the 'Black Death'.

The Black Death has been used as a subject or as a setting in modern literature and media. Edgar Allan Poe's short story The Masque of the Red Death (1842) is set in an unnamed country during a fictional plague that bears strong resemblance to the Black Death.

Black Metal band 1349 are named after the year Black Death spread through Norway.

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Sufferers of the bubonic plague develop fevers, severe flues and buboes that could swell to the size of an average apple. These buboes appear mainly in the groin, armpit and apparently sometimes on the thighs.

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