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Taksonomija - Wikipedija, prosta enciklopedija Wikipedia (2007) - wikipedia2007.classicistranieri.com

Taksonomija

Iz Wikipedije, proste enciklopedije

Taksonomíja (grško τάχις: táksis red, razpored, ureditev + νόμος: nómos - zakon, zakonitost; latinsko taxo) oziroma (v biologiji) starejše ime sistemátika se lahko nanaša na stopenjsko razvrstitev stvari oziroma na načela, ki podpirajo razvrstitev. Na podlagi kakšnega taksonomskega sistema lahko razvrstimo praktično vse - organske objekte, neorganske objekte, telesa, kraje, dogodke in podobno.

V matematiki je taksonomija drevesna zgradba za dano množico objektov. Na vrhu te zgradbe je enojna razvrstitev - korenska točka, ki se nanaša na vse objekte. Točke pod korensko točko so bolj določene razvrstitev, ki se nanašajo na podmnožice celotne množice razdeljenih objektov. V von Linnéjevi znanstveni razvrstitvi organizmov je koren organizem (ker se nanaša na vsa živa bitja, je samo naznačen in ni nedvoumno naveden). Pod njim so kraljestvo, deblo, (poddeblo), razred, red, družina, rod in vrsta. Med temi razvrstitvami je velikokrat še več drugih stopenj (npr. podrazred, nadred, poddružina, podvrsta, varieteta, itd.).

Nekateri so kritizirali, da človeški um naravno organizira svoje znanje sveta v takšne sisteme. Ta pogled temelji na Kantovi epistemologiji.

Zelo pomembni podvrsti taksonomije v biologiji sta znanstvena razvrstitev in biološka sistematika.

V geografiji lahko na primer govorimo o geomorfologiji kot o taksonomiji kopenskih oblik.

Primeri drugih taksonomij so tudi:

[uredi] Glej tudi

[uredi] Biologija

  • evolucijsko drevo,
  • kladistika,
  • molekularna sistematika,
  • numerična taksonomija,
  • ontologija,
  • Sibley-Ahlquistova taksonomija,
  • takson.

[uredi] Zunanje povezave

Taksonomija je tudi
v Wikislovarju, prostem slovarju.


 Ta biološki članek je škrbina. Pomagaj Wikipediji in ga razširi.
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Vzpostavljeno iz »http://sl.wikipedia.org../../../t/a/k/Taksonomija.html«
STATIC WIKIPEDIA JUNE 2008 on wikipedia2006.classicistranieri.com

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