Template:Temperament2
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| c. 400 BC | Hippocrates's four humours | blood | yellow bile | black bile | phlegm |
| Season: | spring | summer | autumn | winter | |
| Element: | air | fire | earth | water | |
| Organ: | liver | spleen | gall bladder | brain/lungs | |
| Characteristics: | courageous, amorous | easily angered | despondent, sleepless | calm, unemotional | |
| c. 325 BC | Aristotle's four sources of happiness | hedone (sensuous pleasure) | ethikos (moral virtue) | propraitari (acquiring assets) | dialogike (logical investigation) |
| c. 190 AD | Galen's four temperaments | sanguine | choleric | melancholic | phlegmatic |
| c. 1550 | Paracelsus's four totem spirits | curious sylphs | changeable salamanders | industrious gnomes | inspired undines |
| c. 1905 | Adicke's four world views | innovative | doctrinaire | traditional | skeptical |
| c. 1912 | Adler's four personality types | Social Useful | Ruling Dominant | Avoiding | Getting or Leaning |
| c. 1914 | Spränger's four value attitudes | artistic | religious | economic | theoretic |
| c. 1920 | Kretchmer's four character styles | hypomanic | hyperesthetic | depressive | anesthetic |
| c. 1947 | Erich Fromm's four orientations | exploitative | receptive | hoarding | marketing |
| c. 1958 | Myers's cognitive function types | SP - sensory perception | NF - intuitive feeling | SJ - sensory judgement | NT - intuitive thinking |
| c. 1978 | Keirsey/Bates four temperaments (old) | Dionysian | Apollonian | Epimethian | Promethian |
| c. 1998 | Keirsey's four temperaments | Artisan | Idealist | Guardian | Rational |
| Keirsey, David [1978] (May 1, 1998). Please Understand Me II: Temperament, Character, Intelligence, 1st Ed., Prometheus Nemesis Book Co. ISBN 1885705026. | |||||
