The Four Seasons (Vivaldi)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Four Seasons (Le quattro stagioni in the original Italian) is a set of four violin concertos by Antonio Vivaldi. Composed in 1723, The Four Seasons is Vivaldi's best-known work, and is among the most popular pieces of Baroque music.
The concertos were first published in 1725 as part of a set of twelve, Vivaldi's Op. 8, entitled Il Cimento dell'armonia e dell'inventione (The Contest of Harmony and Invention). The first four concertos were designated Le quattro stagioni, each being named after a season. Each one is in three movements, with a slow movement between two faster ones.
- Concerto No. 1 in E major, Op. 8, RV 269, "La primavera" (Spring)
- Allegro
- Largo
- Allegro
- Concerto No. 2 in G minor, Op. 8, RV 315, "L'estate" (Summer)
- Allegro non molto
- Adagio e piano - Presto e forte
- Presto
- Concerto No. 3 in F major, Op. 8, RV 293, "L'autunno" (Autumn)
- Allegro
- Adagio molto
- Allegro
- Concerto No. 4 in F minor, Op. 8, RV 297, "L'inverno" (Winter)
- Allegro non molto
- Largo
- Allegro
The texture of each concerto is varied, resembling its respective season. For example, "Winter" is dark and sombre, whereas "Summer" invokes a thunderstorm in its final movement.
Vivaldi wrote four sonnets, to be read with the four concertos. The sonnets are as follows in the original Italian with an English translation:
Italian | English |
---|---|
La Primavera | Spring |
Allegro Largo Allegro |
Allegro Largo Allegro |
L'Estate | Summer |
Allegro non molto - Allegro Adagio e piano - Presto e forte Presto |
Allegro non molto Adagio e piano - Presto e forte Presto |
L'Autunno | Autumn |
Allegro Adagio molto Allegro |
Allegro Adagio molto Allegro |
L'Inverno | Winter |
Allegro non molto Largo Allegro |
Allegro non molto Largo Allegro |
In addition to these sonnets, Vivaldi provided instructions such as "The barking dog" (in the second movement of "Spring"), "Languor caused by the heat" (in the first movement of "Summer"), and "the drunkards have fallen asleep" (in the second movement of "Autumn").
The Four Seasons are, therefore, tone poems. Together they represent one of the earliest known examples of program music, and an enduring one.
The Four Seasons is often referenced in popular culture, see The Four Seasons in popular culture.
[edit] Media - *Vivaldi Spring mvt 1 Allegro - Broken Ogg's Link*
- Vivaldi Spring mvt 1: Allegro (file info) — play in browser (beta)
- From Vivaldi's Four Seasons. John Harrison, Violin
- Vivaldi Spring mvt 2: Largo (file info) — play in browser (beta)
- From Vivaldi's Four Seasons. John Harrison, Violin
- Vivaldi Spring mvt 3: Allegro (file info) — play in browser (beta)
- From Vivaldi's Four Seasons. John Harrison, Violin
- Vivaldi Summer mvt 1: Allegro non molto (file info) — play in browser (beta)
- From Vivaldi's Four Seasons. John Harrison, Violin
- Vivaldi Summer mvt 2: Adagio (file info) — play in browser (beta)
- From Vivaldi's Four Seasons. John Harrison, Violin
- Vivaldi Summer mvt 3: Presto (file info) — play in browser (beta)
- From Vivaldi's Four Seasons. John Harrison, Violin
- Vivaldi Autumn mvt 1: Allegro (file info) — play in browser (beta)
- From Vivaldi's Four Seasons. John Harrison, Violin
- Vivaldi Autumn mvt 2: Adagio molto (file info) — play in browser (beta)
- From Vivaldi's Four Seasons. John Harrison, Violin
- Vivaldi Autumn mvt 3: Allegro (file info) — play in browser (beta)
- From Vivaldi's Four Seasons. John Harrison, Violin
- Vivaldi Winter mvt 1: Allegro non molto (file info) — play in browser (beta)
- From Vivaldi's Four Seasons. John Harrison, Violin
- Vivaldi Winter mvt 2: Largo (file info) — play in browser (beta)
- From Vivaldi's Four Seasons. John Harrison, Violin
- Vivaldi Winter mvt 3: Allegro (file info) — play in browser (beta)
- From Vivaldi's Four Seasons. John Harrison, Violin
- Problems playing the files? See media help.
[edit] External Links
- Free Scores of The Four Seasons by Antonio Vivaldi at Mutopia Project