Union (American Civil War)
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During the American Civil War, the Union was a name used to refer to the United States, the twenty-three Northern states that were not part of the seceding Confederacy.
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[edit] Overview
Because the term had been used prior to the war to refer to the entire United States (a "union of states"), using it to apply to the non-secessionist side carried a connotation of legitimacy as the continuation of the pre-existing political entity. Also, in the public dialogue of the United States, new states are "admitted to the Union," and the President's annual address to Congress and to the people is referred to as the "State of the Union" Address.
During the American Civil War, loyalists to the United States living in the border states and Confederate states were termed Unionists. Nearly 120,000 Southern Unionists served in the Union Army during the Civil War, and every Southern state, except South Carolina, raised Unionist regiments. Southern Unionists were extensively used as anti-guerrilla forces and as occupation troops in areas of the Confederacy occupied by the Union. Since the Civil War, the term has been a widely used synonym for the Northern side of the conflict, and has increasingly lost the more subtle historical connotations. It is usually used in contexts where "United States" might be confusing, "Federal" obscure, or "Yankee" dated or derogatory. Example uses:
- Union General Ulysses S. Grant
- Union Army
- Union Army of the Potomac
- Union Navy
- Union Blockade
- Union cavalry
[edit] Union states
The Union States were:
- California
- Connecticut
- Delaware*
- Illinois
- Indiana
- Iowa
- Kansas
- Kentucky*
- Maine
- Maryland*
- Massachusetts
- Michigan
- Minnesota
- Missouri*
- Nevada
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- New York
- Ohio
- Oregon
- Pennsylvania
- Rhode Island
- Vermont
- West Virginia*
- Wisconsin
*denotes a Border state
Kansas, West Virginia, and Nevada joined the Union as states after the outbreak of the war
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- Current, Richard N. Lincoln's Loyalists: Union Soldiers from the Confederacy. Oxford University Press, rpr. 1994. ISBN 0-19-508465-9.
- Mackey, Robert R. The UnCivil War: Irregular Warfare in the Upper South, 1861-1865. University of Oklahoma Press, 2004. ISBN 0-8061-3624-3.
