Wadie Haddad
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Wadie Haddad (1927–1978), a.k.a. Abu Hani, was a Palestinian militant active in the 1960s and 1970s, involved in several terrorist attacks.
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[edit] Early years
Haddad was born to Greek Orthodox parents in Safad, in what is today northern Israel, in 1927. During the 1948 Arab-Israeli War his family fled to Lebanon. He studied medicine at The American University of Beirut, where he met fellow Palestinian refugee George Habash. Together they helped found the Arab Nationalist Movement (ANM), a Pan Arab and Arab Socialist grouping aiming to reestablish Palestine in the place of Israel and unite the Arab world.
After graduating, he relocated with Habash (a paediatrician) to Amman, Jordan, where they established a clinic. He worked with the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees (UNRWA) in 1956, but due to his Palestinian nationalist activism he was arrested by Jordanian authorities in 1957. In 1961, he managed to escape to Syria. Haddad argued for violent confrontation with Israel from 1963 onwards, and succeeded in militarizing the ANM.
[edit] Popular Front radical
After the 1967 Six Day War, the Palestinian wing of the ANM transformed into the radical Marxist Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), under the leadership of Habash. Haddad became a leader of the group, involved in organizing attacks on Israeli targets. He helped plan the first PFLP airplane hijacking in 1968, when an Israeli El Al plane was captured. He went on arguing for and organizing hijackings, despite criticism against the PFLP from within the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO).
[edit] PFLP - External Operations
The Dawson's Field hijackings of 1970, when PFLP members including Leila Khaled brought three passenger jets to Jordan, helped provoke the bloody fighting of Black September. After the expulsion of the PLO factions from Jordan, Haddad was subjected to harsh criticism from the PFLP, which was in turn under pressure from the rest of the PLO. Haddad was ordered not to attack targets outside of Israel, but continued operations under the name of Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - External Operations (PFLP-EO).
He also employed the services of Ilich Ramírez Sánchez, better known as "Carlos the Jackal", whom he had met in 1970 and trained in terrorist techniques. In 1975, however, Haddad decided to expel Sánchez from the PFLP after he had been accused of refusing to execute two hostages and possibly stealing ransom money, after the assault on the OPEC conference in Vienna on December 22. In June 1976, Haddad organized the Entebbe hijacking in collaboration with the West German Red Army Faction. This proved the last straw for the PFLP, and Haddad was expelled from the organization.
Wadie Haddad died on March 28, 1978, in the German Democratic Republic. According to a recent publication on [1], Haddad was poisoned by the Mossad who had sent him biologically-infected chocolate which caused him to die within a month.
What remained of the PFLP-EO dissolved after his death, but in the process spawned the May 15 Organization and the PFLP-SC.
[edit] Was he a Soviet agent?
According to Vasili Mitrokhin, a senior KGB archivist who defected to the UK in 1992, in early 1970 Haddad was recruited by the KGB as an agent, codenamed NATSIONALIST. Thereafter in deep secrecy the Soviets helped to fund and arm the PFLP. The KGB had advance warning of its major operations and almost certainly sanctioned the most significant, such as the September 1970 hijackings. Haddad remained a highly valued agent till his death in 1978. Mitrokhin is not universally regarded as a reliable source.
A letter by Yuri Andropov allegedly confirming Haddad's role as an agent was independently discovered in Soviet archives by Vladimir Bukovsky and has been published since.[citation needed]
[edit] Further reading
- Bassam Abu Sharif and Uzi Mahnaimi. The Best of Enemies: The Memoirs of Bassam Abu-Sharif and Uzi Mahnaimi, 1995. ISBN 0-316-00401-4
