额我略平咏
维基百科，自由的百科全书
 The Introit Gaudeamus omnes, scripted in square notation in the 14th—15th century Graduale Aboense, honors Henry, patron saint of Finland. |
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|} 额我略平咏（又译为格列高利圣咏）是西方单声圣歌的主要传统，是一种单声部、无伴奏的罗马天主教宗教音乐。额我略平咏主要是在第9世纪和第10世纪，法兰克人到达西欧和中欧期间发展起来，后来继续有所增加和编写。通常人们认为是教宗格列高利一世发明了格列高利圣咏，但学者们认为是在后来的加洛林王朝时期，综合了罗马圣咏和高卢圣咏而形成。
额我略平咏共有8种调式。
传统上，额我略平咏由男人或男孩组成的唱诗班在教堂中演唱，或由妇女和男人
目录 |
[编辑] 历史
[编辑] 早期单声圣歌的发展
在基督教会最初的时期，无伴奏的歌唱就已经是基督教礼拜仪式的一部分。直到1990年代中期，古犹太圣诗对早期基督教仪式和圣诗的影响得到广泛公认。但这一观点已不被学者接受，因为分析显示大部分早期基督教圣诗并没有歌本，而这些圣诗在公元70年第二圣殿被毁后，已经有数百年未在犹太会堂中演唱了。 [1] 不过，早期基督教仪式却是融合了犹太仪式的元素，保存在后来的圣咏传统中。祈祷时刻来源于犹太的祷告时间。“阿们”和“哈利路亚”都来自于希伯来语， “三圣颂”来源于。[2] -->
新约中提到，在最后晚餐中唱了圣诗：“他们唱了诗，就出来往橄榄山去。” [3]。
[编辑] 新传统的起源
[编辑] 早期资料与后来的修订
[编辑] 音乐形式
[编辑] 调式
早期的
- 调式1、2 are the authentic and plagal modes ending on D, sometimes called 多里安调式（Dorian mode）and Hypodorian.
- 调式3、4 are the authentic and plagal modes ending on E, sometimes called Phrygian and Hypophrygian.
- 调式5、6 are the authentic and plagal modes ending on F, sometimes called Lydian and Hypolydian.
- 调式7、8 are the authentic and plagal modes ending on G, sometimes called 米索利地安调式（Mixolydian mode）and Hypomixolydian.
[编辑] 符号
The Liber usualis uses square notation, as in this excerpt from the Kyrie eleison (Orbis factor).
[编辑] 演奏
[编辑] 节奏
[编辑] 礼拜仪式
[编辑] 影响
[编辑] 中世纪与文艺复兴音乐
[编辑] 20世纪
[编辑] 注释
[编辑] References
- Graduale triplex (1979). Tournai: Desclée& Socii. ISBN 2-85274-094-X
- Liber usualis (1953). Tournai: Desclée& Socii.
- Apel，Willi (1990). Gregorian Chant，Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-20601-4.
- Crocker，Richard (1977). The Early Medieval Sequence，University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02847-3.
- Hiley, David (1990). Chant. In Performance Practice: Music before 1600, Howard Mayer Brown and Stanley Sadie, eds., pp. 37-54. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. ISBN 0-393-02807-0
- Hiley，David (1995). Western Plainchant: A Handbook，Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-816572-2.
- Hoppin，Richard, ed. (1978). Anthology of Medieval Music，W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-09080-9.
- Hoppin，Richard (1978). Medieval Music，W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-09090-6.
- Le Mee，Catherine (1994). Chant : The Origins, Form, Practice, and Healing Power of Gregorian Chant，Harmony. ISBN 0-517-70037-9.
- Mahrt, William P. (2000). Chant. In A Performer's Guide to Medieval Music, Ross Duffin, ed., pp. 1-22. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-33752-6
- McKinnon，James, ed. (1990). Antiquity and the Middle Ages，Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-036153-4.
- Neuls-Bates，Carol, ed. (1996). Women in Music，Boston: Northeastern University Press. ISBN 1-55553-240-3.
- Parrish，Carl (1986). A Treasury of Early Music，Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, Inc.. ISBN 0-486-41088-9.
- Robinson，Ray, ed. (1978). Choral Music，W.W. Norton & Co.. ISBN 0-393-09062-0.
- Wagner, Peter. (1911) Einführung in die Gregorianischen Melodien. Ein Handbuch der Choralwissenschaft. Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel.
- Wilson，David (1990). Music of the Middle Ages，Schirmer Books. ISBN 0-02-872951-X.
[编辑] See also
- Cecilian Movement
[编辑] External links
- Geoffrey Chew and Richard Rastall: "Notation", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (Accessed 27 June 2006), (subscription access)
- sites of abbeys and schola according to the method of Dom Gajard. Gregedit Gregorian Software[1]
- H. Bewerung: "Gregorian chant", Catholic Encyclopedia, [2]
- Joseph Dyer: "Roman Catholic Church Music", Section VI.1, Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy (Accessed 28 June 2006), (subscription access)
- David Hiley and Janka Szendrei: "Notation", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (Accessed 12 June 2006), (subscription access)
- Kenneth Levy: "Plainchant", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (Accessed 20 January 2006), (subscription access)
- William P. Mahrt: "Gregorian Chant as a Paradigm of Sacred Music," Sacred Music, 133.3, pp. 5-14 online at MusicaSacra.com
- James W. McKinnon: "Christian Church, music of the early", Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy (Accessed 11 July 2006), (subscription access)
- Canticum Novum, Lessons on Gregorian Chant: Notation, characteristics, rhythm, modes, the psalmody and scores at http://interletras.com/canticum/Eng/index1_Eng.html
- Justine Ward, "The Reform of Church Music," Atlantic Monthly, April 1906 online at Musicasacra.com
- Liber usualis online - MIDI Collection of Traditional Catholic Hymns and chants http://romaaeterna.jp//
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| 固定彌撒: | 憐憫頌 (垂憐頌) | 榮歸主頌 (光榮頌) | 信經 | 三聖哉頌 (歡呼歌) | 羔羊頌 | Ite missa est (你們解散去) 或 Benedicamus Domino (讓我們祝福主) |
| 常用彌撒: | 宣 (進堂詩) | 昇階聖詩 | 哈利路亞頌 或 連唱曲 | 繼抒詠 | 獻禮頌 | 領主曲 |
| 主咏: | 祝文 | 書信經課 | 福音經課 | Secret | Preface | Canon | Postcommunion |
