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Microsoft SQL Server - Wikipedia

Microsoft SQL Server

维基百科,自由的百科全书

Microsoft SQL Server是由美國微軟公司所推出的關聯式資料庫解決方案,最新的版本是SQL Server 2005,已經在2005年12月15日於全球同步上市。

Microsoft SQL Server 資料庫的内置语言是由美国标准局(ANSI)和国际标准组织(ISO)所定义的 SQL语言微軟公司对它进行了部分扩充而成为作业用SQL(Transact-SQL)。

Microsoft SQL Server 几个初始版本适用于中小企业资料库管理,但是近年来她的应用范围有所扩展,已经触及到大型、跨国企业资料库管理

目录

[编辑] 历史渊源

Microsoft SQL Server(第7.0版以前)的前身是Sybase公司的同名数据库软体。Sybase公司原先和阿斯东泰公司(Ashton-Tate)合作开发出应用于OS/2操作平台上的SQL Server 1.0 产品(1989年初),并于1992年初移植到Unix系统和VMS系统,微软公司为了在资料/数据库市场上和甲骨文数据库公司万国商用机器公司相抗衡,劝说Sybase公司于1992年起共同研发数据库产品,并于同年推出应用于Windows NT 3.1平台上的Microsoft SQL Server 4.21版本。

About the time Windows NT was released, Sybase and Microsoft parted ways and pursued their own design and marketing schemes. Microsoft negotiated exclusive rights to all versions of SQL Server written for Microsoft operating systems. Later, Sybase changed the name of its product to Adaptive Server Enterprise to avoid confusion with Microsoft SQL Server. Until 1994 Microsoft's SQL Server carried three Sybase copyright notices as an indication of its origin.

Since parting ways, several revisions have been done independently. SQL Server 7.0 was the first true GUI based database server and was a rewrite away from the legacy Sybase code. A variant of SQL Server 2000 was the first commercial database for the Intel IA64 architecture. During this time there was a rivalry between Microsoft and Oracle for winning over the enterprise market.

The current version, Microsoft SQL Server 2005, was released in November of 2005. The launch took place alongside Visual Studio 2005. The SQL Server 2005 Express Edition is currently available for free download.[1]

In the six years since release of Microsoft's previous SQL Server product (SQL Server 2000), advancements have been made in performance, the client IDE tools, and several complementary systems that are packaged with SQL Server 2005. These include: an ETL tool (SQL Server Integration Services or SSIS), a Reporting Server, an OLAP and data mining server (Analysis Services), and several messaging technologies, specifically Service Broker and Notification Services.

[编辑] 主要功能

Microsoft SQL Server uses a variant of SQL called T-SQL, or Transact-SQL, an implementation of SQL-92 (the ISO standard for SQL, certified in 1992) with many extensions. T-SQL mainly adds additional syntax for use in stored procedures, and affects the syntax of transaction support. (Note that SQL standards require Atomic, Consistent, Isolated, Durable or "ACID" transactions.) Microsoft SQL Server and Sybase/ASE both communicate over networks using an application-level protocol called Tabular Data Stream (TDS). The TDS protocol has also been implemented by the FreeTDS project[2] in order to allow more kinds of client applications to communicate with Microsoft SQL Server and Sybase databases. Microsoft SQL Server also supports Open Database Connectivity (ODBC). The latest release SQL Server 2005 also supports the ability to deliver client connectivity via the Web Services SOAP[3] protocol. This allows non-Windows Clients to communicate cross platform with SQL Server. Microsoft has also released a certified JDBC[4] driver to let Java Applications like BEA and IBM WebSphere communicate with Microsoft SQL Server 2000 and 2005.

Microsoft SQL Server 2005 also features automated database mirroring, failover clustering, and database snapshots.

[编辑] 研发过程

Microsoft and other vendors provide a number of software development tools designed to allow business applications to be developed using the data stored by Microsoft SQL Server. Microsoft SQL Server 2005 now includes the common language runtime (CLR) component for Microsoft .NET. Applications developed with .NET languages such as Visual Basic can implement stored procedures and other functions. Older versions of Microsoft development tools typically use APIs to access Microsoft SQL Server functionality. Rapid application development tools such as eDeveloper by Magic Software Enterprises incorporate native database gateways for high speed database access and automatic table drill-down for the creation of quick prototype applications for viewing, editing and adding data to any table in the database.

[编辑] SQL Server 免费下载版本

主条目:SQL Server Express

Formerly known as MSDE, Microsoft SQL Server Express is Microsoft's freely-downloadable and distributable version of its database engine; it has some technical restrictions that make it unsuited for large-scale deployments and is primarily used for prototyping or self study.

[编辑] 蠕虫 -- slammer worm

主条目:SQL slammer (computer worm)

The SQL Slammer computer worm exploited a previously patched security vulnerability in MS SQL Server 2000. It was discovered in January 2003. It caused a large Internet slowdown later that same month on 24 January 2003.

[编辑] Releases

  • 1993 - SQL Server 4.21 for Windows NT
  • 1995 - SQL Server 6.0, codenamed SQL95
  • 1996 - SQL Server 6.5, codenamed Hydra
  • 1999 - SQL Server 7.0, codenamed Sphinx
  • 1999 - SQL Server 7.0 OLAP, codenamed Plato
  • 2000 - SQL Server 2000 32-bit, codenamed Shiloh (version 8.0)
  • 2003 - SQL Server 2000 64-bit, codenamed Liberty
  • 2005 - SQL Server 2005, codenamed Yukon (version 9.0)
  • Next release - codenamed Katmai

[编辑] Future development

The next planned version of SQL Server is code-named "Katmai".[5] Future versions of SQL Server aims[6] to make data management self-tuning, self organizing, and self maintaining with the development of SQL Server Always On technologies, to provide near-zero downtime. Microsoft also aims to intrinsically support many digital data formats, including pictures, audio, video and other multimedia data. In current versions, such multimedia data can be stored as BLOBs (binary large objects), but they are generic bitstreams. Intrinsic awareness of multimedia data will allow specialized functions to be performed on them. Better support for unstructured and semi-structured data is planned as well. According to Paul Flessner, senior Vice President, Server Applications, Microsoft Corp., the next release of SQL Server can be a data storage backend for different varieties of data: XML, email, time/calendar, file, document, spatial, etc as well as perform search, query, analysis, sharing, and synchronization across all data types.[5]

[编辑] Versions and Editions

[编辑] SQL Server 7.0

  • Enterprise Edition
  • Developer Edition
  • Standard Edition

[编辑] SQL Server 2000

[编辑] SQL Server 2005

(compare features)

[编辑] Companion products

  • SQL Server Integration Services
  • SQL Server Analysis Services
  • SQL Server Reporting Services
  • SQL Server Notification Services
  • SQL Server Management Studio

[编辑] See also

Microsoft主題 Microsoft主題首頁




[编辑] 系統特色

[编辑] 版本演進

年代 版本 開發代號
1993年 SQL Server for Windows NT 4.21
1994年 SQL Server for Windows NT 4.21a
1995年 SQL Server 6.0 SQL 95
1996年 SQL Server 6.5 Hydra
1998年 SQL Server 7.0 Sphinx
2003年 SQL Sever 2000 Enterprise 64位元版 Liberty
2005年 SQL Server 2005 Yukon

[编辑] SQL Server 2005 強化與革新

SQL Server 2005 在資料庫核心做了相當大的改變,將.NET整合到資料庫引擎中,因此開發人員除了可用原有的T-SQL語法進行開發之外,也可使用.NET語言。另外,在介面整合、高可用性、安全性與商業智慧等方面,均做了相當大的強化與更新。

[编辑] 與.NET整合

[编辑] 介面整合

[编辑] 高可用性

[编辑] 系統安全性

[编辑] 商業智慧

  • 整合服務(SQL Server Integration Services,SSIS)
  • 報表服務(SQL Server Reporting Services,SSRS)
  • 分析服務(SQL Server Analysis Services,SSAS)

[编辑] 其他

  • 支援原生XML
  • 同時支援32位元與64位元系統


[编辑] 資料來源

  1. 微軟官方網站,《SQL Server 2005 概觀》http://www.microsoft.com/taiwan/sql/prodinfo/overview/default.mspx,2005年11月7日
  2. 微軟官方網站,《Microsoft SQL Server & Microsoft Visual Studio:歷史牆》http://www.microsoft.com/taiwan/sql/history/default.htm
  3. iThome電腦報,《扛起企業重資料,SQL Server 2005邁進企業級資料庫 》,http://www.ithome.com.tw/itadm/article.php?c=34161,2005年11月21日
  • Kalen Delaney (2001). "Inside SQL Server 2000". Microsoft Press. ISBN 0-7356-0998-5.
  • Scalability Experts (2005). "SQL Server 2005 : Changing the Paradigm". Sams ISBN 0-672-32778-3
  • Thomas Rizzo, Adam Machanic, et al (2005). "Pro SQL Server 2005". Apress ISBN 1-59059-477-0
  • Fernando Guerrero, Carlos Eduardo Rojas (2001). "Sql Server Programming By Example", QUE ISBN 0-7897-2449-9
  • Tony Bain, et al (2004). "Beginning SQL Server 2000 DBA From Novice to Professional", aPress ISBN 1-59059-293-X
  • Brian Knight, Kathi Kellenberger, et al (2006). "Professional SQL Server 2005 Integration Services", Wrox ISBN 0-7645-8435-9
  • Buck Woody (2005). "Administrator's Guide to SQL Server 2005". Pearson Education ISBN 0321397975
  • Mike Gunderloy, Joseph L. Jorden, David W. Tschanz (2006). "Mastering SQL Server 2005", Sybex, ISBN 0782143806

[编辑] 外部链接


常見的資料庫: Berkeley DB | dBase | IBM DB2 | Ingres | InterBase | Microsoft Access | Microsoft SQL Server | MySQL | Visual FoxPro | Oracle | PostgreSQL | SQLite

資料庫的連接方式: ADO | ADOdb | ADO.NET | JDBC | ODBC | OLEDB

資料庫相關程式語言: SQL

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