Leksema
Diwar Wikipedia, an holloueziadur digor
Ar pennad-mañ n'eo ket peurechu c'hoazh ; ma fell deoc'h labourat warnañ deuit da welout ha lakait hoc'h ali e pajenn ar gaozeadenn.
Er yezhoniezh e vez implijet an termen leksema (saoz: lexeme) evit komz eus un unanenn vorfologel difetis hervez an dielfennadur semantikel. Klotaat a ra wall-wazh gant hollad stummoù disheñvel ur ger gante an hevelep ster diazez, da skouer "kanañ", "kan", "kanomp", "kanfec'h"... a zo pep hini stummoù disheñvel an hevelep leksema.
Liammet eo keal al leskema ouzh hini al lemma, dreist-holl pa ra dave da stumm-meneg ur ger, da lâret eo ar stumm implijet dre voas evit komz eus un hollad gerioù gante an hevelep ster diazez. Klotaat ar ra ar stumm-se peurliesañ, met n'eo ket dre ret, gant hini ar pennger, da lâret eo ar stumm lakaet da didl en ur geriadur.
A lexeme belongs to a particular syntactic category, has a particular meaning (semantic value), and in inflecting languages, has a corresponding inflectional paradigm; that is, a lexeme in many languages will have many different forms. For example, the lexeme for run has a present third person singular form runs, a present non-third-person-singular form run (which also functions as the past participle), a past form ran, and a present participle running. The use of the forms of a lexeme is governed by rules of grammar; in the case of English verbs such as run, these include subject-verb agreement and compound tense rules, which determine which form of a verb can be used in a given sentence.
The notion of a lexeme is very central to morphology, and thus, many other notions can be defined in terms of it. For example, the difference between inflection and derivation can be stated in terms of lexemes:
- Inflectional rules relate a lexeme to its forms.
- Derivational rules relate a lexeme to another lexeme.
