aus Wikipedia, der freien Enzyklopädie
Dreisprachiges Straßenschild in Algerien, die mittlere Version in Tifinagh.
Tifinagh (auch Tifinar) ist die Bezeichnung der Schrift der Tuareg. Sie ist berberischen Ursprungs und höchstwahrscheinlich aus dem altlibyschen bzw. dem phönizischen Alphabet entstanden. Kurze Inschriften finden sich bereits auf den vorchristlichen Felsbildern der Sahara, wobei nicht geklärt ist, ob die Schriftzeichen später hinzugefügt wurden.
Das Alphabet besteht je nach Region aus 21 bis 27 geometrischen Zeichen. Vokale fehlen und die Wortrichtung ist nicht festgelegt. Das heißt, dass von oben nach unten, von rechts nach links oder auch umgekehrt geschrieben werden kann. Dies macht die Schrift sehr schwer lesbar. Die Schreibweise von rechts nach links ist jedoch häufig.
Kinder lernen die Schrift von ihren Müttern, doch ist dieser Brauch schon längst im Schwinden begriffen, da das Tifinagh angesichts des Arabischen, aber auch des Französischen nicht mehr gebraucht wird. Auch der seit der Dürrekatastrophe Mitte der 1970er Jahre rasant fortschreitende Zerfall der traditionellen Kultur hat diesen Prozess beschleunigt.
Tifinagh ist ab Version 4.1 von Unicode im Bereich U+2D30–U+2D7F kodiert. Die Sprache der Tuareg heißt Tamascheq.
[Bearbeiten] Darstellung in Unicode
Neo-Tifinagh wird in Unicode ab der Version 4.1.0. durch den Zeichenbereich U+2D30 bis U+2D7F wiedergegeben. Es wurden 55 Zeichen definiert, damit sind nicht alle verwendeten Zeichen in Unicode abgebildet. In der Norm ISO 15924 wurde der Sprachcode Tfng Neo-Tifinagh zugewiesen.
Unicode-Zeichen (Schreibweise von links nach rechts)
Code |
+0 |
+1 |
+2 |
+3 |
+4 |
+5 |
+6 |
+7 |
+8 |
+9 |
+A |
+B |
+C |
+D |
+E |
+F |
U+2D30 |
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U+2D40 |
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U+2D50 |
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U+2D60 |
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U+2D70 |
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Transkription von Tifinagh-Bildzeichen:
Legende
Farbe |
Bedeutung |
|
Einfaches Tifinagh (IRCAM) |
|
Erweitertes Tifinagh (IRCAM) |
|
Andere Tifinagh-Zeichen |
|
Moderne Tuareg-Zeichen |
|
Wied nicht verwendet |
Einfache Zeichen
Code |
Bildzeichen |
Unicode |
Transliteration |
Name |
Lateinisch |
Arabisch |
U+2D30 |
 |
ⴰ |
a |
ا |
ya |
U+2D31 |
 |
ⴱ |
b |
ب |
yab |
U+2D32 |
 |
ⴲ |
b |
ٻ |
yab fricative |
U+2D33 |
 |
ⴳ |
g |
گ |
yag |
U+2D34 |
 |
ⴴ |
g |
ڲ |
yag fricative |
U+2D35 |
 |
ⴵ |
dj |
ج |
Berber Academy yadj |
U+2D36 |
 |
ⴶ |
dj |
ج |
yadj |
U+2D37 |
 |
ⴷ |
d |
د |
yad |
U+2D38 |
 |
ⴸ |
d |
د |
yad fricative |
U+2D39 |
 |
ⴹ |
ḍ |
ض |
yaḍ |
U+2D3A |
 |
ⴺ |
ḍ |
ض |
yaḍ fricative |
U+2D3B |
 |
ⴻ |
e |
ه |
yey |
U+2D3C |
 |
ⴼ |
f |
ف |
yaf |
U+2D3D |
 |
ⴽ |
k |
ک |
yak |
U+2D3E |
 |
ⴾ |
k |
ک |
Tuareg yak |
U+2D3F |
 |
ⴿ |
k |
ک |
yak fricative |
U+2D40 |
 |
ⵀ |
h
b |
ھ
ب |
yah
= Tuareg yab |
U+2D41 |
 |
ⵁ |
h |
ھ |
Berber Academy yah |
U+2D42 |
 |
ⵂ |
h |
ھ |
Tuareg yah |
U+2D43 |
 |
ⵃ |
ḥ |
ح |
yaḥ |
U+2D44 |
 |
ⵄ |
ε (ˤ) |
ع |
yaˤ |
U+2D45 |
 |
ⵅ |
kh |
خ |
yakh |
U+2D46 |
 |
ⵆ |
kh |
خ |
Tuareg yakh |
U+2D47 |
 |
ⵇ |
q |
ق |
yaq |
U+2D48 |
 |
ⵈ |
q |
ق |
Tuareg yaq |
U+2D49 |
 |
ⵉ |
i |
ي |
yi |
U+2D4A |
 |
ⵊ |
j |
ج |
yaj |
U+2D4B |
 |
ⵋ |
j |
ج |
Ahaggar yaj |
U+2D4C |
 |
ⵌ |
j |
ج |
Tuareg yaj |
|
Code |
Bildzeichen |
Unicode |
Transliteration |
Name |
Lateinisch |
Arabisch |
U+2D4D |
 |
ⵍ |
l |
ل |
yal |
U+2D4E |
 |
ⵎ |
m |
م |
yam |
U+2D4F |
 |
ⵏ |
n |
ن |
yan |
U+2D50 |
 |
ⵐ |
ny |
ني |
Tuareg yagn |
U+2D51 |
 |
ⵑ |
ng |
ڭ |
Tuareg yang |
U+2D52 |
 |
ⵒ |
p |
پ |
yap |
U+2D53 |
 |
ⵓ |
u
w |
و
ۉ |
yu
= Tuareg yaw |
U+2D54 |
 |
ⵔ |
r |
ر |
yar |
U+2D55 |
 |
ⵕ |
ṛ |
ڕ |
yaṛ |
U+2D56 |
 |
ⵖ |
gh (γ) |
غ |
yaγ |
U+2D57 |
 |
ⵗ |
gh (γ) |
غ |
Tuareg yaγ |
U+2D58 |
 |
ⵘ |
gh (γ)
j |
غ
ج |
Aïr yaγ
= Adrar yaj |
U+2D59 |
 |
ⵙ |
s |
س |
yas |
U+2D5A |
 |
ⵚ |
ṣ |
ص |
yaṣ |
U+2D5B |
 |
ⵛ |
sh (š) |
ش |
yaš |
U+2D5C |
 |
ⵜ |
t |
ت |
yat |
U+2D5D |
 |
ⵝ |
t |
ت |
yat fricative |
U+2D5E |
 |
ⵞ |
ch (tš) |
تش |
yatš |
U+2D5F |
 |
ⵟ |
ṭ |
ط |
yaṭ |
U+2D60 |
 |
ⵠ |
v |
ۋ |
yav |
U+2D61 |
 |
ⵡ |
w |
ۉ |
yaw |
U+2D62 |
 |
ⵢ |
y |
ي |
yay |
U+2D63 |
 |
ⵣ |
z |
ز |
yaz |
U+2D64 |
 |
ⵤ |
z |
ز |
Tawellemet yaz
= Harpoon yaz |
U+2D65 |
 |
ⵥ |
z. |
ﻈ |
yaz. |
U+2D6F |
 |
ⵯ |
+w |
ۥ+ |
Labio-velarization mark
= Tamatart
= <super> 2D61 |
|
Digraphen (Ligaturen sind möglich)
Code |
Bildzeichen |
Unicode |
Transliteration |
Name |
Lateinisch |
Arabisch |
U+2D5C U+2D59 |
  |
ⵜⵙ |
ts |
تس |
yats |
U+2D37 U+2D63 |
  |
ⴷⵣ |
dz |
دز |
yadz |
|
Code |
Bildzeichen |
Unicode |
Transliteration |
Name |
Latin |
Arabic |
U+2D5C U+2D5B |
  |
ⵜⵛ |
ch (tš) |
تش |
yatš |
U+2D37 U+2D4A |
  |
ⴷⵊ |
dj |
دج |
yadj |
|