Amur Oblast
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Amur Oblast (English) Амурская область (Russian) |
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|---|---|
 Location of Amur Oblast in Russia |
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| Coat of Arms | Flag |
 Coat of arms of Amur Oblast |
 Flag of Amur Oblast |
| Anthem: none | |
| Administrative center | Blagoveshchensk |
| Established | October 20, 1932 |
| Political status Federal district Economic region |
Oblast Far Eastern Far Eastern |
| Code | 28 |
| Area | |
| Area - Rank |
363,700 km² 14th |
| Population (as of the 2002 Census) | |
| Population - Rank - Density - Urban - Rural |
902,844 inhabitants 59th 2.5 inhab. / km² 65.8% 34.2% |
| Official language | Russian |
| Government | |
| Governor | Leonid Korotkov |
| First Vice-Governor | Valentina Kalita |
| Legislative body | Council of People's Deputies |
| Charter | Charter of Amur Oblast |
| Official website | |
| http://www.amurobl.ru/ | |
Amur Oblast (Russian: Аму́рская о́бласть, Amurskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), situated about 8,000 km east of Moscow on the banks of the Amur and Zeya Rivers. It shares its border with the Sakha Republic in the north, Khabarovsk Krai and the Jewish Autonomous Oblast in the east, People's Republic of China in the south, and Chita Oblast in the west.
Amur Krai or Priamurye (Аму́рский край, Приаму́рье) were unofficial names for the Russian territories by the Amur River used in the late Russian Empire that approximately correspond to modern Amur Oblast. This area was originally the territory of the semi-nomadic Manchu people before their conquest of China, it was returned to the Qing Dynasty in the Treaty of Nerchinsk and annexed by Russia in 1858 by the Treaty of Aigun between Russia and Qing Dynasty.
Population: 887,600 (2005 est.)[1]; 902,844 (2002 Census); 1,057,781 (1989 Census).
The administrative center of the oblast, Blagoveshchensk, is one of the oldest settlements in the Russian Far East, founded in 1856. It is a traditional center of trade and gold mining. The territory is accessed by two railroads, the Trans-Siberian railway and the Baikal-Amur Mainline.
The oblast received its first influx of Russian settlers in the mid-17th century. They were looking for a more temperate climate as an escape from the north. However the cruelty of the Russians toward the local population forced them to look for protection from Manchuria. After the Opium War, when the Manchurian Empire was exposed to the outside world, Russian explorers once again moved to the region (mostly Cossacks and peasant farmers). The last influx of people arrived upon the completion of the Trans-Siberian Railroad.
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[edit] Geography
The Stanovoy Range forms the dividing line between the Sakha Republic and Amur Oblast and spreads across the entire northern border of the territory. Dwarf Siberian pine and alpine tundra grow at higher elevations on these mountains and larch forests with small stands of flat-leaved birch and pine forests grow alongside the river plains. The Zeya River begins in these mountains in the northeast. The middle reaches of this great river were dammed to create the huge Zeysky Reservoir, which sprawls over 2,500 km² between the Stanovoy Range and a southern parallel range running across the center of the oblast. The low lands between these two mountain ranges make up the Upper Zeysky Plain, which is primarily marshland with larch and pine forests. South of the second ridge is the vast Amur River plain which covers up to 40% of the region.
Along the eastern border of Amur Oblast is another series of mountains separating the Amur from Khabarovsk Krai. These larch and fir-spruce forests form the watershed of the Selemdzha River, which flows south into the Zeya, continues to the city of Blagoveschchensk, and then into the Amur River. Southeast of the Selemdzha are the Bureya and the Arkhara Rivers, which have the richest remaining forests in the oblast with Korean pine, Limmonik, Mongolian oak, and other Manchurian flora. The Zeya, Amur, and Bureya Rivers form a cradle for the highest biodiversity in Amur Oblast—the Zeysko-Burenskaya Plain. Much of this plain has been burned for agriculture, but large patches still remain. Japanese Daurian and Far Eastern western cranes nest here, as well as a host of other rare birds.
[edit] Time zone
Amur Oblast is located in the Yakutsk Time Zone (YAKT/YAKST). UTC offset is +0900 (YAKT)/+1000 (YAKST).
[edit] Administrative divisions
[edit] Demographics
According to the 2002 Census, ethnic Russians, at 831,004, made up 92% of the population. Other prominent ethnic groups in the region include Ukrainians at 31,475 (3.5%), Belorussians at 7,827 (.8%), and Tatars at 4,889 (.5%). The rest of the residents identified with over 120 different ethnic groups, with each ethnic group making up less than .5% of the population. A small number of respondents (1447 people) chose not to state their ethnicity.[1]
- Total population: 902,844
- Urban: 594,386 (65.8%)
- Rural: 308,458 (34.2%)
- Male: 435,483 (48.2%)
- Female: 467,361 (51.8)
- Females per 1000 males: 1073
- Average age: 33.5 years
- Urban: 32.9 years
- Rural: 34.9 years
- Male: 31.3 years
- Female: 36.1 years
- Number of households: 329,650 (with 876,241 people)
- Urban: 220,774 (with 577,222 people)
- Rural: 108,876 (with 299,019 people)
[edit] Notes and references
- ^ “All Russian Population Census 2002”. Russian Federal Service of Governmental Statistics. Retrieved on November 10, 2006.
