Kabardino-Balkaria
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| Kabardino-Balkar Republic (English) Кабардино-Балкарская Республика (Russian) Къэбэрдей-Балъкъэр Республикэ (Kabardian) Къабарты-Малкъар Республика (Balkar) |
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 Location of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic in Russia |
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| Coat of Arms | Flag |
 Coat of arms of Kabardino-Balkaria |
 Flag of Kabardino-Balkaria |
| Anthem: National Anthem of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic | |
| Capital | Nalchik |
| Established | January 5, 1936 |
| Political status Federal district Economic region |
Republic Southern North Caucasus |
| Code | 07 |
| Area | |
| Area - Rank |
12,500 km² 81st |
| Population (as of the 2002 Census) | |
| Population - Rank - Density - Urban - Rural |
901,494 inhabitants 60th 72.1 inhab. / km² 56.6% 43.4% |
| Official languages | Russian, Kabardian, Balkar |
| Government | |
| President | Arsen Kanokov |
| Chairman of the Government | Andrey Yarin |
| Legislative body | Parliament |
| Constitution | Constitution of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic |
| Official website | |
| n/a | |
Kabardino-Balkar Republic (Russian: Кабарди́но-Балка́рская Респу́блика; Kabardian: Къэбэрдей-Балъкъэр Республикэ; Balkar: Къабарты-Малкъар Республика), or Kabardino-Balkaria (Russian: Кабарди́но-Балка́рия), is a federal subject of Russia (a republic), located in the North Caucasus. The direct romanization of the republic's name in the Russian language is Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika, or Kabardino-Balkariya.
Contents |
[edit] Geography
The republic is situated in the North Caucasus mountains, with plains in the northern part.
- Area: 12,500 km²
- Borders:
- internal: Stavropol Krai (N/NE), Republic of North Ossetia-Alania (E/SE/S), Karachay-Cherkess Republic (W/NW)
- international: Georgia (S/SW)
- Highest point: Mount Elbrus (5,642 m)
- Maximum N->S distance: 167 km
- Maximum E->W distance: 123 km
[edit] Time zone
Kabardino-Balkaria is located in the Moscow Time Zone (MSK/MSD). UTC offset is +0300 (MSK)/+0400 (MSD).
[edit] Rivers
Major rivers include:
- Terek River (623 km)
- Malka River (216 km)
- Cherek River (131 km)
- Chegem River (102 km)
- Argudan River
- Baksan River
- Kurkuzhin River
- Lesken River
- Urukh River
[edit] Lakes
There are about 100 lakes in the republic, none of which are large. Most of the lakes (55) are located between the Baksan and Malka Rivers, with the largest lakes each having an area of no more than 0.01 km². Some of the lakes are:
- Tserikkel Lake (with the area of 26,000 m²; 368 m deep)
- Lower Goluboye Lake
- Kel-Ketchen Lake (177 m deep)
- Upper Goluboye Lake (18 m deep)
- Sekretnoye Lake
- Tambukanskoy Lake (area:1.77 km²; 1.5-2 m deep). This lake is partially located in Stavropol Krai.
[edit] Mountains
Mount Elbrus, the highest peak of the North Caucasus and Europe, is located in the republic. Other major mountains include:
- Mount Dykhtau (5,402 m)
- Mount Koshkhatau (5,151 m)
- Mount Shkhara (5,068 m)
- Pushkin Peak (5,033 m)
- Mount Mizhergi (5,025 m)
[edit] Natural resources
Republic's natural resources include molybdenum, tungsten ores, coal, among other things.
[edit] Climate
The republic has a continental type climate.
- Average January temperature: -4°C (plains) to -12°C (mountains).
- Average July temperature: +23°C (plains) to +4°C (mountains)
- Average annual precipitation: 500-2,000 mm.
[edit] Administrative divisions
[edit] Demographics
- Population: 901,494 (2002)
- Urban: 510,346 (56.6%)
- Rural: 391,148 (43.4%)
- Male: 422,720 (46.9%)
- Female: 478,774 (53.1%)
- Females per 1000 males: 1,133
- Average age: 30.9 years
- Urban: 32.4 years
- Rural: 29.0 years
- Male: 29.1 years
- Female: 32.8 years
- Number of households: 227,922 (with 891,783 people)
- Urban: 144,872 (with 504,085 people)
- Rural: 83,050 (with 387,698 people)
- Vital statistics (2005)
- Births: 8,991 (birth rate 10.0)
- Deaths: 9,034 (death rate 10.1)
- Ethnic groups
Kabardino-Balkaria consists of two ethnic territories, one predominantly of Kabardin (speakers of a North-West Caucasian language) and the other predominantly Balkars (speakers of a Turkic language). According to the 2002 Census, Kabardin make up 55.3% of the republic's population, followed by Russians (25.1%) and Balkars (11.6%). Other groups include Ossetians (9,845, or 1.1%), Turks (8,770, or 1.0%), Ukrainians (7,592, or 0.8%), Armenians (5,342, or 0.6%), Koreans (4,722, or 0.5%), Chechens (4,241, or 0.5%), and a host of smaller groups, each accounting for less than 0.5% of the total population.
| census 1926 | census 1939 | census 1959 | census 1970 | census 1979 | census 1989 | census 2002 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kabardins | 122,402 (60.0%) | 152,237 (42.4%) | 190,284 (45.3%) | 264,675 (45.0%) | 303,604 (45.5%) | 364,494 (48.2%) | 498,702 (55.3%) |
| Balkars | 33,197 (16.3%) | 40,747 (11.3%) | 34,088 (8.1%) | 51,356 (8.7%) | 59,710 (9.0%) | 70,793 (9.4%) | 104,951 (11.6%) |
| Russians | 15,344 (7.5%) | 129,067 (35.9%) | 162,586 (38.7%) | 218,595 (37.2%) | 234,137 (35.1%) | 240,750 (31.9%) | 226,620 (25.1%) |
| Ossetians | 4,078 (2.0%) | 4,608 (1.3%) | 6,442 (1.5%) | 9,167 (1.6%) | 9,710 (1.5%) | 9,996 (1.3%) | 9,845 (1.1%) |
| Ukrainians | 17,213 (8.4%) | 11,142 (3.1%) | 8,400 (2.0%) | 10,620 (1.8%) | 12,139 (1.8%) | 12,826 (1.7%) | 7,592 (0.8%) |
| Others | 11,772 (5.8%) | 21,328 (5.9%) | 18,315 (4.4%) | 33,790 (5.7%) | 47,246 (7.1%) | 55,672 (7.4%) | 53,784 (6.0%) |
[edit] History
[edit] Politics
The head of government in Kabardino-Balkaria is the President. The current President is Arsen Kanokov, who has held the position since September 2005.
The parliament of the Repubilc is the Legislative Assembly comprising two chambers with 36 deputies elected for a five year term each—the Council of the Republic and the Council of Representatives.
The Constitution of Kabardino-Balkaria was adopted on September 1, 1997.
[edit] Economy
The economy of Kabardino-Balkaria is primarily agricultural, with lumber production and mining. Most of the industry centers on agricultural processing. The fall of the Soviet Union and the outbreak of the various conflicts in the Caucasus have hit the republic hard, causing a collapse in tourism in the region and producing an unemployment level estimated to be as high as 90%. Poverty is reported to be an endemic problem in the republic.
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- (Russian) Official website of the President of the Republic
- (Russian) Kabardino-Balkaria Online
- (English) Information and many links for pages about Kabardino-Balkaria
- (English) Kabardino-Balkaria information and photo gallery
- (English) Images of Kabardino-Balkaria
Transcaucasian States:
Armenia • 
Azerbaijan • 
Georgia
Russian North Caucasus:
Chechnya • 
Dagestan • 
Ingushetia • 
Karachay-Cherkessia •
Kabardino-Balkaria • 
Krasnodar Krai • 
Adygea • 
North Ossetia-Alania • 
Stavropol Krai
Western Turkic
Azerbaijan1 • 
Bashkortostan2 • 
Chuvashia2 • 
Cyprus - 
Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus3 • 
Gagauzia4 • Kabardino-Balkaria2 • Karachay-Cherkessia2 • 
Karakalpakstan5 • 
Kazakhstan • 
Tatarstan2 • 
Turkmenistan • 
Turkey • 
Uzbekistan • 
Xinjiang6
Eastern Turkic
Altai Republic2 • 
Khakassia2 • 
Kyrgyzstan • 
Sakha2 • 
Tuva2
Notes: (1) Includes the Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic; (2) A federal subject of the Russian Federation; (3) See Cyprus dispute;
(4) Gagauzia is a territorial autonomous unit of Moldova; (5) Karakalpakstan is an autonomous republic of Uzbekistan; (6) Xinjiang Uyghur is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China
