사용자:이한결/번역장/월드 팩트북

위키백과 ― 우리 모두의 백과사전.

월드 팩트북 (also known as the CIA 월드 팩트북)^[1] is an annual publication of the Central Intelligence Agency of the United States with almanac-style information about the countries of the world. The Factbook provides a two- to three-page summary of the demographics, geography, communications, government, economy, and military of 272 U.S.-recognized countries, dependencies, and other areas in the world.

The World Factbook is prepared by the CIA for the use of U.S. government officials, and its style, format, coverage and content are primarily designed to meet their requirements.^[2] However, it is frequently used as a resource for student papers, web sites and non-governmental publications.^[1] As a work of the U.S. government, it is considered to be in the public domain.^[3]

목차 1 Factbook sources 2 Copyright 3 Frequency of updates and availability 3.1 The government edition of the Factbook 3.2 The Potomac Books reprint 4 Entities in the Factbook 5 Oddities and controversies 5.1 Political 5.1.1 Areas not covered 5.1.2 Kashmir 5.1.3 북키프러스 터키 공화국 5.1.4 대만/타이완/중화민국 5.1.5 버마/미얀마 5.1.6 마케도니아 5.1.7 유럽 연합 5.1.8 Isle of Man 5.1.9 United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges and Iles Eparses 5.1.10 유고슬라비아/세르비아 몬테네그로 5.2 Factual 5.3 Geography 6 같이 보기 7 각주 8 바깥 고리

[편집] Factbook sources

In researching the Factbook, the CIA uses the sources listed below. Other public and private sources are also consulted.^[2]

• Antarctic Information Program (National Science Foundation)
• Armed Forces Medical Intelligence Center (Department of Defense)
• Bureau of the Census (Department of Commerce)
• Bureau of Labor Statistics (Department of Labor)
• Central Intelligence Agency
• Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs
• Defense Intelligence Agency (Department of Defense)
• Department of Energy
• Department of State

• Fish and Wildlife Service (Department of the Interior)
• Maritime Administration (Department of Transportation)
• National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (Department of Defense)
• Naval Facilities Engineering Command (Department of Defense)
• Office of Insular Affairs (Department of the Interior)
• Office of Naval Intelligence (Department of Defense)
• US Board on Geographic Names (Department of the Interior)
• US Transportation Command (Department of Defense)
• Oil & Gas Journal

[편집] Copyright

Because the Factbook is in the public domain, people are free to redistribute and modify it in any way they like, without permission of the CIA.^[2] However, the CIA requests that they be cited when the Factbook is used.^[3] The official seal of the CIA, however, may not be copied without permission as required by the CIA Act of 1949 (50 U.S.C. section 403m). Misuse of the official seal of the CIA could result in civil and criminal penalties:

Federal law prohibits use of the words "Central Intelligence Agency," the initials "CIA," the seal of the Central Intelligence Agency, or any colorable imitation of such words, initials, or seal in connection with any merchandise, impersonation, solicitation, or commercial activity in a manner reasonably calculated to convey the impression that such use is approved, endorsed, or authorized by the Central Intelligence Agency.^[4]

Many Internet sites have used information and images from the CIA World Factbook.^[5]

[편집] Frequency of updates and availability

Before November 2001, The World Factbook website was updated yearly. Since then, the Factbook website is updated every two weeks; the print edition is still updated annually.^[6] Generally, information currently available as of January 1 of the current year is used in preparing the Factbook.^[7]

[편집] The government edition of the Factbook

As of 2006, The World Factbook is available on the World Wide Web and in print. The Web version gets an average of 6 million visits per month;^[1] it can also be downloaded.^[8]. A printed version is available ^[9] and is released around the middle of the year.^[6] This version is sold to the public via the Superintendent of Documents and the National Technical Information Service; US government officials can generally query about Factbook purchases from their department or CIA liaison channel.^[9] In past years, the Factbook was available on CD-ROM, ^[10], microfiche, magnetic tape, and floppy disk.^[11]

[편집] The Potomac Books reprint

Since 1992, Potomac Books, Inc. (formerly known as Brassy's Inc.)^[12] has published a reprint of The World Factbook to, in their words, "extend the limited audience" of the official government publication.^[13] The publisher makes no copyright claim on the reprint itself.^[14]

[편집] Entities in the Factbook

이 부분의 본문은 List of entities and changes in The World Factbook입니다.

As of October 2006, The World Factbook consists of 272 entities ^[15]. These entities can be divided into categories.^[15] They are:

• Independent countries - This category has independent countries, which the CIA defines as people "politically organized into a sovereign state with a definite territory".^[15] In this category, there are 193 entities.

• Others - The Other category is a list of other places set apart from the list of independent countries. Currently there are two: Taiwan and the European Union.

• Dependencies and Areas of Special Sovereignty - This category is a list of places affiliated with another country. They may be subdivided into categories using the country they are affiliated with:
  • 오스트레일리아: six entities
  • 중화인민공화국: two entities
  • 덴마크: two entities
  • 프랑스: 16 entities
  • 네덜란드: two entities
  • 뉴질랜드: three entities
  • 노르웨이: three entities
  • 영국: 17 entities
  • 미국: 14 entities

• Miscellaneous - This category is for Antarctica and places in dispute. There are six entities.

• Other entities - This category is for the World and the oceans. There are five oceans and the World (the World entry is intended as a summary of the other 271 entries) ^[1].

[편집] Oddities and controversies

[편집] Political

[편집] Areas not covered

Specific regions within a country or areas in dispute among countries, such as Kurdistan, Kashmir and Kosovo, are not covered,^[16] but other areas of the world whose status is disputed, such as the Spratly Islands, have entries.^[17]

[편집] Kashmir

Maps depicting Kashmir have the India–Pakistan border drawn at the Line of Control, but the region of Kashmir occupied by China drawn in hash marks.^[18]

[편집] 북키프러스 터키 공화국

북키프러스 터키 공화국은 not given a separate entry or listed as part of Turkey because "territorial occupations/annexations not recognized by the United States Government are not shown on U.S. Government maps." ^[19]

[편집] 대만/타이완/중화민국

중화민국 has a separate entry not listed under "T", but at the bottom of the list.^[20] The name "Republic of China" is not listed as Taiwan's "official name" under the "Government" section ^[21], due to U.S. recognition of Beijing's One-China Policy according to which there is one China - the People's Republic of China - and Taiwan is a part of it.^[22] The name "Republic of China" was briefly added on January 27, 2005 ^[23] but has since been changed back to "none".^[24]. (See also: Political status of Taiwan, Legal status of Taiwan)

[편집] 버마/미얀마

미국 does not recognize the renaming of Burma by its ruling military junta to Myanmar and thus keeps its entry for the country under "Burma". This is done because the name change "was not approved by any sitting legislature in Burma". As a result, the US government has never adopted the name Myanmar. ^[25]

[편집] 마케도니아

마케도니아 공화국은 entered under Macedonia. ^[26] This is despite the fact that no international organisations such as the United Nations ^[27], the European Union ^[28], NATO ^[29], the European Broadcasting Union ^[30], and the International Olympic Committee ^[31] use this short form (they all use the phase The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia) The history of the name used for the entry is a bit complex. In the 1992 edition of The World Factbook, the entry for the nation was listed under the former ^[32] (at the same time, new entries were added for the 20 nations that were formed out of the former Soviet Union and Yugoslavia; the latter two being dropped.) In the 1994 edition, the name of the entry was changed to the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia ^[33]. For the next decade, this was the name the nation as listed under. Finally, in the 2005 edition of the Factbook, the name of the entry was changed back to Macedonia.^[34] This came after a November 2004 US decision to refer to the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia as the Republic of Macedonia. ^[35] (See also the article about the naming issue of Macedonia.)

[편집] 유럽 연합

2004년 12월 16일에 미국 중앙정보국 added an entry for the European Union.^[36] According to the CIA, the European Union was added because the EU "continues to accrue more nation-like characteristics for itself". Their reasoning was explained in this small statement in the introduction:

The evolution of the European Union (EU) from a regional economic agreement among six neighboring states in 1951 to today's supranational organization of 25 countries across the European continent stands as an unprecedented phenomenon in the annals of history. Dynastic unions for territorial consolidation were long the norm in Europe. On a few occasions even country-level unions were arranged - the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Austro-Hungarian Empire were examples - but for such a large number of nation-states to cede some of their sovereignty to an overarching entity is truly unique. Although the EU is not a federation in the strict sense, it is far more than a free-trade association such as ASEAN, NAFTA, or Mercosur, and it has many of the attributes associated with independent nations: its own flag, anthem, founding date, and currency, as well as an incipient common foreign and security policy in its dealings with other nations. In the future, many of these nation-like characteristics are likely to be expanded. Thus, inclusion of basic intelligence on the EU has been deemed appropriate as a new, separate entity in The World Factbook. However, because of the EU's special status, this description is placed after the regular country entries.

[편집] Isle of Man

2006년 1월 10일 미국 중앙정보국은 Man, Isle of의 이름을 entry to Isle of Man의 이름으로 바꾸었다.^[37].

[편집] United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges and Iles Eparses

In the 2006 edition of The World Factbook, the entries for Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Kingman Reef, Johnston Atoll, Palmyra Atoll, and the Midway Islands were merged into a new United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges entry ^[38]. The old entries for each individual insular area remain as redirects on the Factbook website.^[39] On September 7, 2006, the CIA also merged the entries for Bassas da India, Europa Island, the Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island, and Tromelin Island into a new Iles Eparses entry.^[40]. As with the new United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges entry, the old entries for these five islands remain as redirects on the website.^[41]

[편집] 유고슬라비아/세르비아 몬테네그로

Yugoslavia has had a confusing history in the Factbook. Before 1992, the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) was included in the Factbook. ^[42]. In 1992, the entry was dropped ^[43] and entries where added for all of the former republics ^[43]. In doing this, the CIA listed the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) as Serbia and Montenegro. ^[44]. This was done in accordance with a May 21, 1992 decision by the US Government not to recognize the FRY as the successor state to the SFRY ^[45]; this view was made clear in a disclaimer printed in the Factbook: ^[46]

Serbia and Montenegro have asserted the formation of a joint independent state, but this entity has not been formally recognized as a state by the US. The US view is that the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) has dissolved and that none of the successor republics represents its continuation.

Besides the disclaimer, the republics of Serbia and Montenegro were treated separately in the data. ^[47] In October 2000, Slobodan Milošević resigned after being defeated in elections held the previous month. ^[48] This event caused a change in the 2001 edition of the Factbook, with the Serbia and Montenegro entity being renamed Yugoslavia. ^[49]. In March 2002, an agreement was signed to transform the FRY into a loose union called Serbia and Montenegro; ^[50] it took effect in February 2003. ^[51]. The name of the Yugoslavia entity was changed in the Factbook the month after the change. ^[52]. In May 2006, Montenegro held a referendum on independence from the union which passed; ^[53] independence was declared two weeks after the vote. ^[54] The month after Montenegro's declaration of independence, profiles were added to the Factbook for both Serbia and Montenegro. ^[55]

[편집] Factual

Before 1998, the United Kingdom (UK) profile contained a sentence that asserted the UK had gained independence on 1 January 1801.^[56] This terse, confusing description has since been greatly expanded.^[57]

The factbook uses standard American English.^[58] As a consequence, the name of the governing party in the United Kingdom is spelled "Labor".^[57] The Factbook's house style for spelling defers to the United States Board on Geographic Names and the CIA itself; as a consequence the head of Al-Qaeda is referred to as Osama Bin Ladin ^[59] and the ruler of Libya is referred to as Muammar Abu Minyar al-Qadhafi.^[60]

[편집] Geography

The map of the United States contains Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, the only city noted in the state other than Anchorage.^[61] Despite being an oil field town with several thousand temporary workers at any given time, the town has a permanent population of only five residents according to the 2000 census.^[62]

[편집] 같이 보기

• Besides the World Factbook, the CIA also publishes a directory of Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments each week.^[63]
• Abbreviations used in CIA World Factbook

[편집] 각주

[편집] 바깥 고리

• The World Factbook 2006
• Previous of The World Factbook:

From Project Gutenberg:

1990, 1991

From University of Missouri-St. Louis archive:

1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006

From GPO archive:

1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005

• Nationmaster: Allows the user to create graphs and charts with CIA, UN and OECD data.
• The World Factbook for Google Earth: The Factbook as Google Earth placemarks
• CIA World Factbook for Pocket PC and Palm OS devices
• Authorama 2000 CIA World Factbook as XHTML1.0 (easily readable, no images, device-independent)
• CIA World Factbook as mobile friendly XHTML
• On stephansmap.org: The CIA World Factbook accessible by location and date range; covers the years 2001 -- 2006. All Factbook entries are tagged with "cia". Requires graphical browser with javascript.
• CIA World Factbook as Flash factbook site