Tynwald

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Tynwald (engelsk) eller Tinvaal (mansk) er ei lovgjevande forsamling for Isle of Man, ei av dei eldste slike forsamlingane i verda.

Innhaldsliste

1 Historie
2 Inndeling
3 Proposed changes to Tynwald
4 Bakgrunnsstoff

[endre] Historie

Medan tidlegare vikingar som ikkje budde fast på Man kan ha halde ting der tidlegare, er den eldste datoen for eit tynwaldmøte 979. Deretter følger ei ubroten rekke med møte, noko som gjer tinget til eitt av dei eldste i verda. Berre Løgtingið på Færøyane, som truleg blei eit årleg ting tidleg på 900-talet, har ein eldre tradisjon utan avbrot. Alltinget på Island blei grunnlagd i 930 men blei så avskaffa i 1800 og først gjenoppretta i 1845.

Namnet Tynwald, på same vis som det islandske Þingvellir, er avleia frå norrønt 'Þingvǫll' (tingvoll) — staden eller vollen der tinget samla seg.

[endre] Inndeling

Tynwald har to kammer, House of Keys (mansk Kiare as Feed) og lagtinget (mansk Yn Choonseil Slattyssagh). Dei to delane sit saman på Tynwald-dagen, normalt den 5. juli, i byen St John's (Balley Keeill Eoin), og ved andre høve i Douglas (Doolish). Elles sit dei to kamra for seg sjølv. Dei fleste lovane har opphav i House of Keys medan lagtinget kan revidera dei.

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When Tynwald meets annually in St John's (normally on 5 July) at an open air ceremony on Tynwald Hill, the Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man presides, unless the Queen as Lord of Mann or a member of the Royal Family representing her is present. Here, all laws are promulgated and special Petitions are received. If a law is not promulgated at St. John's within 18 months of passage, it becomes null and void.

While Tynwald sits in Douglas, which occurs once a month from October to July, the President of Tynwald, who is chosen by the other members, presides. In the joint session:

Members of each house formally sign bills
Notice of Royal approval from the Lord of Mann is received
Questions may be put to officers of Government
Special Resolutions authorizing taxes are made
Delegated legislation made by Government officers may be approved or annulled
Petitions may be presented
The Chief Minister is appointed
Other important public business is conducted.

When Tynwald votes while meeting jointly, each House votes separately. If a majority of each House approves, the motion is carried. If the Council vote ties, then the President of Tynwald casts the deciding vote. However, if the Keys approves a motion but the Council disapproves, then the question can be put again at a different sitting. In this case, the vote is determined by a majority of all the members of Tynwald. If this occurs, the Keys, with its larger size, is likely to prevail.

Normally, both houses of Tynwald must pass a bill before it goes to the Monarch of the United Kingdom, in her capacity as Lord of Mann, for formal assent. But if the Council rejects a bill or amends it against the Keys' wishes, the Keys has the power to repass the same bill, when the Council's disapproval is ignored and the bill presented to the Queen for Royal assent.

[endre] Proposed changes to Tynwald

As of 2005, the Island's system of government is under review — there are plans to transform the Legislative Council into a directly-elected chamber, echoing the push for reform in the UK's House of Lords and the abolition of indirectly elected Conseillers in Guernsey. To date, no legislation has successfully passed through the House of Keys and given the fact that the issue has been high up the political agenda for over a decade, change does not seem to be forthcoming in the short term. This was reinforced by the political retirement of one of the main proposers of change, Edgar Quine.