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內皮爾 - Wikipedia

內皮爾

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內皮爾 Napier
Ahuriri
國家 紐西蘭
人口: 56,700(城市)
55,800(地方)
市區
範圍: 內皮爾市、Eskdale、Waiohiki
地方政府
名稱: 內皮爾市
市長: Barbara Arnott
範圍: Bay View至Taradale
及Awatoto
陸地面積: 106km²
網址: http://www.napier.govt.nz
參見: Hastings City
地區議會
名稱: 霍克斯灣
網址: http://www.hbrc.govt.nz
1936年惠爾頓Atkin & Mitchell的T & G大樓
1936年惠爾頓Atkin & Mitchell的T & G大樓

內皮爾英語Napier毛利語Ahuriri)是紐西蘭霍克斯灣重要的海港城市,人口有57,000。[1]內皮爾的姊妹城市──Hastings南距內皮爾10公里。在紐西蘭,兩座城市有時並稱為「姊妹城市」。

內皮爾位於紐西蘭首都──惠靈頓的東北方,從首都經陸路行駛要332公里(約4小時)。內皮爾是霍克斯灣地區第二大的城市、南半球最大的雜交羊毛中心,以及紐西蘭最大的蘋果、洋梨和核果出產地區之一。內皮爾亦發展成重要的葡萄種植與製地區。水果從Hastings都會區附近的種植場,運至內皮爾出口。大量凍肉、羊毛、果肉和木材貨物經由內皮爾的港口處理。

內皮爾是著名的幽閑城鎮和旅遊勝地,擁有紐西蘭最矚目的旅遊熱點之一,位於海濱大道的雕像──帕尼亞像(Pania Of The Reef)。該雕像在內皮爾受尊敬,正如小美人魚(Little Mermaid)雕像受哥本哈根尊敬一樣,兩者有不少類似的斯堪的納維亞特點。

目录

[编辑] 歷史

內皮爾的毛利人歷史有跡可尋。數世紀前,Taraia的Ngāti Kahungunu部落抵達該地區的時候,Whatumamoa、Rangitane和Ngāti Awa,以及Ngāti Tara伊維(即部落,iwi)的元素在Petane的鄰近地區──Te Whanganui-a-Orotu和Waiohiki出現。其後,Ngāti Kahungunu成為由波弗蒂灣(Poverty Bay)至惠靈頓的統治勢力。他們是最早與歐洲殖民者聯繫的毛利人部落之一。Te Whanganui-a-Orotu被視為「永遠的寶物」(Taonga Tuku Iho)。

Image:Napier fountain.jpg
黃昏的內皮爾湯姆帕克噴水池

由於西岸入口被堵塞,威脅Whanga與礁湖島嶼的漁村周圍的耕作,Chief Te Ahuriri於是挖了一條流向Ahuriri的礁湖空地的溝渠。河流繼續向該地區供給清水。

詹姆斯·庫克船長是首個見證內皮爾將來的面貌的歐洲人,他在1769年10月在東岸上岸。他說:「肥型船頭兩邊是細沙淺灘和石灘,位處海灘與大陸中間的,我想是一個優美的大鹽水湖。」他說,海港入口是位於圓卵石海灘的西岸末端。當地陸續有歐洲商人、捕鯨者和傳教士到訪,其後定居。1850年代前,農民和酒店經營者抵達。

Image:Napier-SoundShell.jpg
內皮爾的桑德歇爾柱廊

The Crown purchased the Ahuriri block (including the site of Napier) in 1851. In 1854 Alfred Domett was appointed Commissioner of Crown Lands and resident magistrate at Ahuriri. A plan was prepared and the town named after Sir Charles Napier, hero of the Battle of Meeanee in the Indian province of Sindh. Domett named many streets in the settlement to commemorate the great colonial era of the British Indian Empire. He also displayed his own literary preferences by naming streets after famous artists and literary figures.

The town was constituted a borough in 1874 and development of the surrounding marsh lands and reclamation proceeded slowly. Between 1852 and 1876 Napier was the administrative centre for the Hawke's Bay Provincial Government but in 1876 the Abolition of Provinces Act dissolved provincial government, replacing it with a central assembly in Wellington.

Image:Napier-TypicalView.jpg
T & G Dome at dusk
Image:Napier Halsbury Chambers n.jpg
Halsbury Chambers (Louis Hay, 1932), Napier

Development was generally confined to the hill and to the port area of Ahuriri. In the early days Napier consisted of an oblong mass of hills (Scinde Island) almost entirely surrounded by water, from which ran out two single spits, one to the north and one to the south. There was a swamp between the now Hastings Street and Wellesley Road and the water extended to Clive Square.

1931年2月3日,內皮爾被地震和隨後的大火夷平,258人喪生。市中心受到破壞,後以當時受歡迎的裝飾藝術風格重建。現在的內皮爾有40平方公里在地震前是位處海面下的。1960-1980年代,除了很少數裝飾藝術建築被當代建築取代(值得諷刺的有藝術館),市中心的大部分仍然歷久不衰,可謂建築界的神話。1990年代起,有關建築已被保護、修復。內皮爾和邁阿密的南海灘獲裝飾藝術愛好者評為兩個保存得最好的裝飾藝術城鎮。邁阿密海灘主要屬於後期的現代豎直線條(Streamline Moderne)裝飾藝術風格。

19451月德國潛水艇U-862駛入內皮爾港口。事件後來演變為被廣泛流傳的戰後的傳說上尉提姆(Heinrich Timm)帶全體船員在內皮爾附近上岸擠牛奶,以補充其軍用口糧。

[编辑] 地理和氣候

NASA satellite photo of Napier and southern Hawke Bay
NASA satellite photo of Napier and southern Hawke Bay

鎮位於水中突出的陸地及霍克湾東南端周围的平原.霍克湾東南端,一個大半圆形,主宰新西兰北岛的东岸.1931年大地震使這城市的海岸线大大改变了. 除了黑斯廷斯,其他幾個較小的城鎮都接近内皮尔城,其中有些小城鎮(如taradale)現在小於大型郊区.其他周边城镇包括Bay View在北面,克莱夫,在南面,flaxmere在黑斯廷斯西面

這個鎮享受著在新西兰最高當中的晴天時候,内皮尔城由于其位置在東海岸气候比較干燥,地中海气候運到北方水域,其戰略地位在霍克湾 大多数新西兰的天气模式相交於國家的西方,内皮尔城在North Island Volcanic Plateau的rain shadow和Kaweka Range等山脈的周圍 然而,内皮尔城平伏在太平洋中部热带气旋的残余上,有時候处于暴风实力的时候,他们已经到霍克湾.

[编辑] 旅遊

ASB銀行內部(惠爾頓Crichton McKay & Haughton,1932年)
ASB銀行內部(惠爾頓Crichton McKay & Haughton,1932年

內皮爾本身就是重要的旅遊勝地,吸引來自世界各地的装饰艺术與建筑爱好者。1931年地震后的重建时期,時值短暂而迅速变化的裝飾藝術时代及大蕭條,主要大街的小型發展隨處可見。內皮尔的建筑非常獨特,而另一著名的裝飾藝術城市──迈阿密滩,有現代豎直線條(Streamline Moderne)裝飾藝術。内皮尔的整个中心同時被重建。很多時候,內皮爾舊建築林立,就像一部紀錄片;但是,內皮爾的確是一個城市,建築也是原始的。加州圣巴巴拉在1925年地震后重建,成為著名的西班牙佈道院風格(Spanish Mission Style)建築。

內皮爾的其他旅遊熱點,有海洋世界、國家水族館和桑德歇爾柱廊(Soundshell)。Attractions nearby include the Cape Kidnappers Gannet colony and many vineyards bordering Hastings City. Many people use Napier as a gateway to Hawkes Bay, flying in to the Hawkes Bay airport at Westshore from Wellington City, Auckland and Christchurch. From Napier, tourists explore Hastings City, Havelock North, Wairoa and Cape Kidnappers.

Tourists flock to Napier in February for Art Deco weekend and the Mission Concert Weekend. The large wine industry hosts the Annual Harvest Hawkes Bay Weekend.

[编辑] 工業

皮尔工业范围在郊區,包括电子业及其周围的羊毛贸易和肥料,葡萄酒的制造.内皮尔城是New Zealnd其中1個最大的煙草種植場.20059,不過,British American Tobacco 宣佈會關閉the iconic Rothmans factory,因需求正在減少. 製作地將會移住澳洲. The 著名的art deco-style 工廠每年生產香煙上升至22億. 1999年3月19人失去他們的工作因為很少人吃煙. [1]

View of Napier from Sugar Loaf (behind Mission Winery)
View of Napier from Sugar Loaf (behind Mission Winery)

Napier is served with more radio stations per head of population than any other city in the world [來源請求]. However, the radio industry thrives with major player The Radio Network operating eight very successful radio stations including Classic Hits 89.5 Bay City Radio (The 80's 90's and Whatever!), Newstalk ZB (News, information, and lifestyle), Viva 90.3 (Easy listening), Coast 1530AM, (Timeless Music) Radio Sport (Sporting programmes), Radio Hauraki (Classic Rock), ZM (Today's Hit Music), and FLAVA 96eight (Hip Hop & RnB).

[编辑] 名人

[编辑]

  1. 2006年紐西蘭人口普查地方數據 stats.govt.nz
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