埃涅阿斯
维基百科，自由的百科全书
埃涅阿斯（希臘文：Αινείας，Aineías)，特洛伊英雄，安基塞斯王子與愛神阿佛洛狄德（相對於羅馬神話中的愛神維納斯）的兒子。埃泹阿斯的父親與特洛伊特末代國王普賴姆有著疏堂兄弟的關係。維吉爾的《埃涅阿斯紀》描述了埃涅阿斯從特洛伊逃出，然後建立羅馬城的故事。他在希臘與羅馬神話及歷史中扮演很重要的角色。他也在荷馬史詩《伊利亞特》和莎士比亞的《特洛伊圍城記》中出現。
[编辑] 傳說
在《伊利亞特》中，埃涅阿斯是Dardan的領導（特洛伊的盟軍），也是特洛伊王子赫克托耳的主將之一。詩中記載埃涅阿斯的母親阿佛洛狄德在戰場上常會出現幫忙，他也是太陽神阿波羅的最愛。當Diomedes將要在戰場上殺死埃涅阿斯時，埃涅阿斯被阿佛洛狄德和阿波羅帶到別迦摩療傷。儘管他不是王族長子，但是由於日後會繼承特洛伊的王位，所以被阿喀琉斯行刺時，平常站在希臘一方的海神波赛冬也會幫助他。(《伊利亞特》，xx. 308)。
在《埃涅阿斯紀》的開首，記載了埃涅阿斯在特洛伊被希臘攻陷後，聚集了一群人，他們被稱為Aeneads，他們從特洛伊逃到現今的義大利，然後成為羅馬人的祖先。亞尼斯的喇叭手Misenus、他父親安喀塞斯（Anchises）、他朋友阿蓋特（Achates）、瑟吉圖斯（Sergestus）和阿克蒙（Acmon）、醫師伊亞皮西（Iapyx）、他兒子斯卡尼斯（Ascanius）還有嚮導美馬斯。他從特洛伊搬著家族守護神拉爾（Lares）和家神那特斯（Penates）的塑像抵達義大利。
這一行人途中又在zh-cn:西西里;zh-tw:西西里島停留過，被當地國王阿凱斯特斯（河神克林尼蘇，Crinisus和達旦尼爾女人所生的兒子）款待。當船離開的時候，奧德修斯的船隊中的一員Achaemenides也加入他們。
在旅途中，埃涅阿斯和他同行者在迦太基著陸。埃涅阿斯和迦太基皇后伊利沙（又稱蒂朵）產生短暫的戀情。蒂朵提議要這些特洛伊人在迦太基定居下來，由她和埃涅阿斯共同統治這些人。可是神后朱諾和愛神派使者墨丘利提醒了埃涅阿斯他旅途的意義，建議他悄悄離開迦太基繼續前進。當蒂朵發現了這一行人已經離開，她為自己築了個火葬用的堆台，她站在堆台上發出了著名的詛咒，使迦太基人永遠反對特洛伊人，接著她用刀插入胸口自殺。據說當埃涅阿斯後來旅行到冥府時曾呼叫過她的鬼魂，但她完全沒理他。
Soon after arriving in Italy, Aeneas made war against the city of Falerii. Latinus, king of the Latins, welcomed Aeneas's army of exiled Trojans and let them reorganize their life in Latium. His daughter Lavinia had been promised to Turnus, king of the Rutuli, but Latinus received a prophecy that Lavinia would be betrothed to one from another land — namely, Aeneas. Latinus heeded the prophecy, and Turnus consequently declared war on Aeneas at the urging of Hera, who was aligned with King Tarchon of the Etruscans and Queen Amata of the Latins. Aeneas' forces prevailed, and Turnus was killed. Aeneas founded the city Lavinium, named after his wife. He later welcomed Dido's sister, Anna Perenna, who then committed suicide after learning of Lavinia's jealousy.
After his death, Aeneas was recognized as the god Indiges. Inspired by the work of James Frazer, some have posited that Aeneas was originally a life-death-rebirth deity.
[编辑] 家族及著名的後代
Aeneas had an extensive family tree. Aeneas' wet-nurse was named Caieta. He was the father of Ascanius with Creusa, and of Silvius with Lavinia. Ascanius, the son of Aeneas, also known as Iulus (or Julius), founded Albalonga and was the first in a long series of kings.
According to the mythology outlined by Virgil in the Aeneid, Romulus and Remus were both descendants of Aeneas through their mother, and thus Aeneas was responsible for founding the Roman people. Some early sources call him their father or grandfather [1], but, considering the commonly accepted dates of fall of Troy (12th BCE) and founding or Rome (8th century BCE), this seems unlikely.
The Julian family (Gens Julia) of Rome, whose most famous member was Julius Caesar, traced their lineage to Aeneas's son Ascanius and, in turn, to the goddess Venus.
The legendary kings of Britain also trace their family through a grandson of Aeneas, Brutus.
