拿那克

维基百科，自由的百科全书

拿那克(ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ Guru Nanak1469年10月20日 -1539年5月7日))是锡克教创始人。他反对种姓制度，希望结合印度教和伊斯兰教的要义。

拿那克出生在今巴基斯坦，在靠近拉合尔的Talwandi村（今Nankana Sahib）。他父母Kalu Mehta 和Matta Tripat是属于婆罗门族的印度教徒。

小的时候，拿那克一直深深的被宗教所吸引，他探索生命的奥秘的欲望最终使他离家出走。

拿那克娶了Batala市的Sulkhni，他们生了两个儿子Sri Chand和 Lakhmi Das。他的姐夫在Sultanpur城为他找到了国家粮仓管理的职位。 他２８岁的时候，一天早上，他跟平时一样往河流去洗涤和修行。他失踪了３天。当他回来的时候，充斥着上帝的精神，他说了一句名言：”既没有印度教徒，也没有伊斯兰教徒“。从此以后，他就开始了他的传教事业。

据说他进行过四次大旅程，往印度各地，阿拉伯地区和波斯，朝觐麦加，经过巴格达。他在印度教徒、耆那教徒、佛教徒、祆教徒、伊斯兰教徒之前作过演讲，在各种寺庙发言。

在这个时候，拿那克认识了Kabir（1441年-1518年），印度教徒和伊斯兰教徒共同崇拜的一名圣人。

He spoke before Hindus, Jains, Buddhists, Parsees, and Muslims. He spoke in the temples and mosques, and at various pilgrimage sites. It was during this period that Nanak met Kabir (1441-1518), a saint revered by both Hindus and Muslims. Wherever he went, Guru Nanak spoke out against empty religious rituals, pilgrimages, the caste system, the sacrifice of widows, of depending on books to learn the true religion, and of all the other tenets that were to define his teachings. Never did he ask his listeners to follow him. He asked the Muslims to be true Muslims and the Hindus to be true Hindus.

After the last of his great journeys, Guru Nanak settled in the town of Kartapur (in Punjab) on the banks of the Ravi where he taught for another fifteen years. Followers from all over came to settle in Kartapur to listen, and sing, and be with him. During this time, although his followers still remained Hindu, Muslim, or of the religion to which they were born, they became known as the Guru's disciples, or sikhs. It was here his followers began to refer to him as teacher, or guru. It was here that the Guru told his followers that they were to be householders and could not live apart from the world—there were to be no priests or hermits. Here is where the Guru instituted the common meal; requiring the rich and poor, Hindu and Muslim, high caste and low caste, to sit together while eating. Here is where Lehna, later to be Guru Angad, came to be with Guru Nanak.

Just before Guru Nanak died, he called his disciples together and requested them to sing Sohila, the evening hymn. To satisfy both his Hindu and Muslim follower as to the funeral arrangements it is said he did not allow his body to remain behind.