貢德爾
维基百科，自由的百科全书
貢德爾是埃塞俄比亞的old imperial capitaland 和 the historic Begemder province. As a result, the old province of Begemder is sometimes referred to as Gondar. Located in the Semien Gondar Zone of the Amhara Region, Gondar is north of 塔納湖 on the Angereb River and Simien Mountains西南，座標為北纬12度36分，东经37度28分。
Central Statistical Agency的2005年數據顯示，貢德爾的總人口估計約194,773人，其中97,625男性，97,148女性，the woreda的面積約40.27平方公里，人口密度為4,836.70人每平方公里。[1] 根據1994年國家人口普查，城市內有112,249居民。
目录 |
[编辑] 歷史
直至16世紀，埃塞俄比亞的皇帝通常沒有固定的首都, instead living in tents in temporary royal camps as they moved around their realms while their family, bodyguard and retinue devoured surplus crops and cut down nearby trees for firewood. One exception to this rule was Debre Berhan, founded by Zara Yaqob in 1456.
Beginning with Emperor Minas in 1559, 埃塞俄比亞的統治者開始在塔納湖附近渡過雨季, often returning to the same location again and again. These encampments, which flourished as cities for a short time, 包括Emfraz、Ayba、Gorgora和Dankaz。
貢德爾 was founded by Emperor Fasilides around 1635年, and grew as an agricultural and market town. There was a superstition at the time that the capital's name should begin with the letter 'Gw' (Gonder was originally spelt Gwander), which also contributed to Gorgora's (founded as Gwargwara) growth in the centuries after 1600. Tradition also states that a buffalo led the Emperor Fasilides to a pool beside the Angereb, where an "old and venerable hermit" told the Emperor he would locate his capital there. Fasilides had the pool filled in and built his castle on that same site.[2] The emperor also built a total of seven churches; the first two, Fit Mikael and Fit Abbo, were built to end local epidemics. The five emperors who followed him also built their palaces in the town.
在1668年, as a result of a church council, the Emperor Yohannes I ordered that the inhabitants of Gondar be segregated by religion. This caused the Muslims to move into their own quarter, the Eslam Bet, within two years.
在17世紀，貢德爾的人口估計超過60,000，the visiting Armenian bishop Hovannes 在1678年評論該城的大小為伊斯坦堡的兩倍。[3] Many of the buildings from this period survive, as 18世紀 was a time of turmoil and the city declined.
貢德爾一直作為埃塞俄比亞的首都，直至Tewodros II moved the Imperial capital to Magadala (having forcibly depopulated the city and destroyed much of the infrastructure) upon being crowned Emperor in 1855. Abdallahi ibn Muhammad sacked Gondar when 他在1887年入侵埃塞俄比亞. 貢德爾在意大利管治下繼續發展;第二次世界大戰期間，意大利軍隊在1941年11月made their last stand in Gondar, after 阿的斯阿貝巴在5月落入英軍手中。
As part of Operation Tewodros near the end of the 埃塞俄比亞內戰, 貢德爾在1991年3月被Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front佔領。
[编辑] 有趣地方
貢德爾新城吸引大批遊客，是因為她的many picturesque ruins in the Royal Enclosure, from which the Emperors once reigned. Gondar is also a noted center of ecclesiastical learning in the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church.
城內著名的建築物lie in the seventeenth century Royal Enclosure, 包括Fasilides castle、Iyasu's Palace、Dawit's Hall、a banqueting hall、stables、Mentewab's Castle、a chancellery、圖書館和三間教堂. Near the city lie Fasiladas' Bath, home to an annual ceremony where it is blessed and then opened for bathing; the Qusquam complex, built by Empress Mentewab; the eighteenth century Ras Mikael Sehul's Palace and the Debre Berhan Selassie Church.
Downtown Gondar shows 意大利在1930年代末的管治帶來的影響，The main piazza features shops, a cinema, and 其他公眾建築物 in a simplified Italian Moderne style still distinctively of the period despite later changes and, frequently, neglect. Villas and flats in the nearby quarter that once housed occupation officials and colonists are also of interest.
The town 也是 home to an airport (ICAO code HAGN, IATA GDQ), and 貢德爾大學 which includes 埃塞俄比亞的主要醫學院.
[编辑] 友好城市
As designated by Sister Cities International, Gondar is a sister city with Corvallis, Oregon.
[编辑] 註釋
- ↑ CSA 2005 National Statistics, Table B.4
- ↑ Richard R.K. Pankhurst, History of Ethiopian Towns: From the Middle Ages to the Early Nineteenth Century (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1982), p. 117.
- ↑ Pankhurst, p. 128.
