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追獵者式戰車 - Wikipedia

追獵者式戰車

维基百科,自由的百科全书

追獵者式 IV/48
主要設定
乘員 4
長度 6.85米
闊度 3.17米
高度 1.85 米
重量 24噸
裝甲與武器
裝甲 10 - 80毫米
主要武器 {{{主要}}}
次要武器 {{{次要}}}
機動性
發動機 {{{引擎}}}
{{{引擎馬力}}}
懸掛系統 {{{懸掛}}}
平地時速 {{{平地時速}}}
馬力/重量 {{{馬力/重量}}}
行動距離 {{{行動}}}

The Jagdpanzer IV, Sd.Kfz. 162, was a tank destroyer based on the Panzer IV chassis built in three main variants. It was developed against the wishes of Heinz Guderian, the inspector general of the Panzertruppen, as a replacement for the Stug III. Guderian objected against the needless, in his eyes, diversion of resources from Panzer IV tank production, as the Stug III and Stug IV were still more than adequate for their role.

目录

[编辑] Development

Nevertheless in late 1942 the Wehrmacht's arms bureau, the Waffenamt, called for a new tank destroyer design based on the Panzer IV, which would be armed with the same 7.5 cm gun as fitted to the Panther: the Pak 42 L/70.

Unlike previous tank destroyers like the Marder series, this gun was to be mounted directly into the Jagdpanzer's superstructure, keeping its silhouette as low as possible.

The Jagdpanzer IV kept the basis chassis of the Panzer IV tank, but the original vertical front plate was replaced by a sharp edged nose. Internally, the layout was changed to accommodate the new superstructure, moving the fuel tanks and ammunition racks. Because the Jagdpanzer lacked a turret, the engine which originally powered the Panzer IV's turret could be eliminated.

The new superstructure had sloped armour, which gives a much larger armor protection for a given thickness than conventional armor and at the front was a 100 mm thick. To make the manufacturing process as simple as possible, the superstructure was made out of large, interlocking plates which were welded together.

Armament consisted of a 7.5 cm main gun, originally intended to be the PaK 42 L/70, but shortages meant that for the preproduction and the first production run different older guns were used, the 7.5 cm PaK 39 L/48. These were shorter and less powerful than the PaK 42.

On later variants, the much larger PaK 42 meant that the Jagdpanzer IV was quite heavy in the nose, especially with the heavy frontal armor. This made them less mobile and more difficult to operate in rough terrain, leading their crews to nickname them Guderian-Ente; Guderian's duck.

The final prototype of the Jagdpanzer IV was presented in December 1943 and production started in January of 1944, with the PaK 39 L/48 armed variant staying in production until November. Production of the PaK 42 L/70 armed variants started in August and continued until March/April 1945.

It was intended to stop production of the Panzer IV itself at the end of 1944 to concentrate solely on production of the Jagdpanzer IV, but this did not seem to have happened.

[编辑] Variants

{{{圖片}}}

{{{照片說明}}}

{{{名稱}}}
主要設定
乘員 {{{乘員}}}
長度 {{{長度}}}
闊度 {{{闊度}}}
高度 {{{高度}}}
重量 {{{重量}}}
裝甲與武器
裝甲 {{{裝甲}}}
主要武器 {{{主要}}}
次要武器 {{{次要}}}
機動性
發動機 {{{引擎}}}
{{{引擎馬力}}}
懸掛系統 {{{懸掛}}}
平地時速 {{{平地時速}}}
馬力/重量 {{{馬力/重量}}}
行動距離 {{{行動}}}

第二次世界大戰,隨著時序的推移,時間來到1943年,原本開戰初期有著極大優勢的德國裝甲軍團,在遇到蘇聯KV-I、T-34/85、SU-122等等防護好、火力猛的戰車時,失去了原有的優勢,戰場主動權也轉向蘇聯,面臨兩線作戰的德國,苦於物資分配、部隊反裝甲能力火力不足的問題下,改裝現有戰車為驅逐戰車是最好的方法,而這裡所介紹的追獵者驅逐戰車,就是德國在這一改裝系列中的尾聲。

[编辑] 發展沿革

面對戰場急需反裝甲武力的情況下,裝甲兵總監古德林於1943年3月提出以改裝輕型戰車為驅逐戰車來解決部隊反裝甲火力不足的問題,此建議為德國陸軍軍器局所採納,並於1943年12月提出研製38(T)輕型驅逐戰車的計畫書,計畫書中明確要求這種驅逐戰車的零件必須38(T)戰車有80%的零件互通性,後來由捷克的BMM公司接受委託研製,該公司僅費時1個月就完成第一輛樣車,隨著一系列的改良后,80%互通性指標便成為了不可能。1944年4月20日,共有20種新型的驅逐戰車參加元首希特勒的生日兵器展,正為反裝甲火力不足苦惱的希特勒,還真是喜出望外呢。同年的6月,38(T)坦克驅逐車正式命名為追獵者驅逐戰車。從1944年4月到1945年5月,共有2584輛追獵者被生產出來。

[编辑] 諸元

  • 武裝:一門75毫米火炮
  • 攜帶砲彈:穿甲彈/破甲彈/榴彈
  • 近戰武裝:放置於車內的衝鋒槍一挺/手榴彈50枚

[编辑] 經歷

追獵者驅逐戰車有著很特殊的外型,一體的車身、兩側斜裝甲、突出的火炮防盾還有偏右的火炮軸線,使人們在戰場上可以很輕易的辨識出來。儘管有兩千餘輛追獵者裝備在德軍裡,但畢竟是使用輕型反裝甲炮,投入戰場時為時已晚,蘇軍和盟軍坦克依然如潮水般湧向德國本土,所以追獵者驅逐戰車並沒有在戰爭中收到效果。戰爭期間,瑞士軍隊曾以38(T)戰車基礎研發自走反坦克炮,終戰後,於1947年到1952年的期間,陸續從捷克進口了158輛38(T)戰車改裝的追獵者驅逐戰車,定名為G13自走反坦克炮,並且裝備了瑞士陸軍,於1970年代除役。



德軍第二次世界大戰裝甲戰鬥車輛
坦克
一號坦克 | 二號坦克 | 三號坦克 | 四號坦克 | 豹式 | 虎III | Panzer 35(t) | Panzer 38(t)
自走炮
黃蜂式 | 野蜂式| 蟋蟀式 | Panzerwerfer| sIG 33 | Wurfrahmen 40
突擊炮
三號突擊炮 | 四號突擊炮| StuH 42 | 灰熊式 | 突擊虎式
驅逐坦克
一號坦克殲擊車 | 黃鼠狼I、II、III | 追獵者式 | 四號坦克殲擊車 | 獵豹式 | 犀牛式 | 獵虎式 | 象式
裝甲半履帶車 裝甲車
SdKfz 4 | 250 | 251 | 252 | 253 Sdkfz 221/22/23 | Sdkfz 231/32/34/63
機動防空車
四號防空戰車: 傢俱車、旋風式、東風式、閃電式 | Gepard
原型
鼠式 (代號:Maus) | E系 | 豹II | Waffenträger | Neubaufahrzeug
建議設計
七號戰車獅式 | 九號坦克 | 十號坦克 | 鼠式 (代號:Ratte)
德軍第二次世界大戰中出產的裝甲戰鬥車輛

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