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馬克斯·沃夫 - Wikipedia

馬克斯·沃夫

维基百科,自由的百科全书

本條目是介紹德國天文學家馬克斯·沃夫,不是捷克天文學家或美國詩人和作家。

馬克斯·沃夫(1863年6月21日-1932年10月3日)是德國天文學家,也是天文攝影的先驅。

目录

[编辑] 生平

他出生於德國海德堡,於1888年獲得海德堡大學授予博士學位,並在1890年成為該校的職員。

[编辑] 天文攝影先驅

海德堡工作的期間,他發現了200多顆的小行星,第一顆是在1891年發現的(323)布魯西亞 (Brucia)。他率先採用天文攝影的技術,用自動化的方法來發現小行星,與以前的方法比較,這結果使小行星被發現的數量迅速增加。相對於恆星的光點,在長時間曝光下的小行星因為像行星一樣的運動而拖出短的軌跡。

[编辑] 小行星

在他發現的眾多的小行星中,1906年,發現了第一顆特洛伊族小行星(588) 阿契里斯 (Achilles),還有另外兩顆是(659) 賢士星(Nestor)和(884) 普麗阿姆斯(Priamus)。在1918年又發現了(887 )艾琳達( Alinda),現在被歸屬於近地小行星中的阿莫爾型小行星群或是再細分入艾琳達家族內。在1932年2月6日,他發現最後一顆小行星。但不久之後,他248顆小行星的發現紀錄就被他的學生卡爾·威翰·雷牧斯在[1933年]]7月24日打破了。

[编辑] 彗星與超新星

他也曾發現和與人共同發現一些彗星:14P/沃夫和43P/沃夫-哈林頓,還有四顆超新星:SN 1895A(室女座)、SN 1909A(大熊座)、SN 1920A和SN 1926A(後者與雷牧斯共同發現)。

他還發現紅矮星沃夫359,是最靠近太陽系的恆星之一。但要注意,沃夫-瑞葉星是法國天文學家查爾斯·沃夫發現的。

[编辑] 星象儀

在1910年,沃夫建議卡爾·蔡司光學公司創造一種新的儀器,就是現在所稱的星象儀。第一次世界大戰阻礙了這項計畫,但是在恢復和平之後,蔡司公司繼續這項研究,在1923年製造出第一架星象儀。

沃夫於1932年在海德堡逝世。

[编辑] 授獎與榮譽

[编辑] 註解

The Minor Planet Center credits his discoveries as "M. F. Wolf" as opposed to "M. Wolf" that refers to the more recent discoveries by Marek Wolf.

[编辑] 發現的小行星

發現的248顆小行星
323 Brucia December 22, 1891
325 Heidelberga March 4, 1892
328 Gudrun March 18, 1892
329 Svea March 21, 1892
330 Adalberta February 2, 1910
332 Siri March 19, 1892
333 Badenia August 22, 1892
334 Chicago August 23, 1892
339 Dorothea September 25, 1892
340 Eduarda September 25, 1892
341 California September 25, 1892
342 Endymion October 17, 1892
343 Ostara November 15, 1892
351 Yrsa December 16, 1892
352 Gisela January 12, 1893
353 Ruperto-Carola January 16, 1893
385 Ilmatar March 1, 1894
386 Siegena March 1, 1894
391 Ingeborg November 1, 1894
392 Wilhelmina November 4, 1894
393 Lampetia November 4, 1894
399 Persephone February 23, 1895
401 Ottilia March 16, 1895
407 Arachne October 13, 1895
408 Fama October 13, 1895
412 Elisabetha January 7, 1896
413 Edburga January 7, 1896
415 Palatia February 7, 1896
417 Suevia May 6, 1896
418 Alemannia September 7, 1896
419 Aurelia September 7, 1896
420 Bertholda September 7, 1896
421 Zähringia September 7, 1896
434 Hungaria September 11, 1898
435 Ella September 11, 1898 with A. Schwassmann
436 Patricia September 13, 1898 with A. Schwassmann
442 Eichsfeldia February 15, 1899 with A. Schwassmann
443 Photographica February 17, 1899 with A. Schwassmann
446 Aeternitas October 27, 1899 with A. Schwassmann
447 Valentine October 27, 1899 with A. Schwassmann
448 Natalie October 27, 1899 with A. Schwassmann
449 Hamburga October 31, 1899 with A. Schwassmann
450 Brigitta October 10, 1899 with A. Schwassmann
455 Bruchsalia May 22, 1900 with A. Schwassmann
456 Abnoba June 4, 1900 with A. Schwassmann
457 Alleghenia September 15, 1900 with A. Schwassmann
458 Hercynia September 21, 1900 with A. Schwassmann
459 Signe October 22, 1900
460 Scania October 22, 1900
461 Saskia October 22, 1900
462 Eriphyla October 22, 1900
463 Lola October 31, 1900
464 Megaira January 9, 1901
465 Alekto January 13, 1901
466 Tisiphone January 17, 1901 with L. Carnera
467 Laura January 9, 1901
468 Lina January 18, 1901
471 Papagena June 7, 1901
473 Nolli February 13, 1901
474 Prudentia February 13, 1901
480 Hansa May 21, 1901 with L. Carnera
482 Petrina March 3, 1902
483 Seppina March 4, 1902
484 Pittsburghia April 29, 1902
488 Kreusa June 26, 1902 with L. Carnera
490 Veritas September 3, 1902
491 Carina September 3, 1902
492 Gismonda September 3, 1902
493 Griseldis September 7, 1902
494 Virtus October 7, 1902
495 Eulalia October 25, 1902
496 Gryphia October 25, 1902
499 Venusia December 24, 1902
500 Selinur January 16, 1903
501 Urhixidur January 18, 1903
502 Sigune January 19, 1903
509 Iolanda April 28, 1903
512 Taurinensis June 23, 1903
513 Centesima August 24, 1903
514 Armida August 24, 1903
515 Athalia September 20, 1903
520 Franziska October 27, 1903 with P. Götz
522 Helga January 10, 1904
524 Fidelio March 14, 1904
526 Jena March 14, 1904
527 Euryanthe March 20, 1904
528 Rezia March 20, 1904
529 Preziosa March 20, 1904
530 Turandot April 11, 1904
531 Zerlina April 12, 1904
532 Herculina April 20, 1904
539 Pamina August 2, 1904
540 Rosamunde August 3, 1904
541 Deborah August 4, 1904
549 Jessonda November 15, 1904
550 Senta November 16, 1904
551 Ortrud November 16, 1904
552 Sigelinde December 14, 1904
553 Kundry December 27, 1904
555 Norma January 14, 1905
557 Violetta January 26, 1905
558 Carmen February 9, 1905
559 Nanon March 8, 1905
560 Delila March 13, 1905
561 Ingwelde March 26, 1905
562 Salome April 3, 1905
565 Marbachia May 9, 1905
570 Kythera July 30, 1905
573 Recha September 19, 1905
574 Reginhild September 19, 1905
575 Renate September 19, 1905
577 Rhea October 20, 1905
578 Happelia November 1, 1905
580 Selene December 17, 1905
586 Thekla February 21, 1906
587 Hypsipyle February 22, 1906
588 Achilles February 22, 1906
590 Tomyris March 4, 1906
592 Bathseba March 18, 1906
594 Mireille March 27, 1906
597 Bandusia April 16, 1906
598 Octavia April 13, 1906
601 Nerthus June 21, 1906
605 Juvisia August 27, 1906
609 Fulvia September 24, 1906
610 Valeska September 26, 1906
641 Agnes September 8, 1907
642 Clara September 8, 1907
659 Nestor March 23, 1908
683 Lanzia July 23, 1909
692 Hippodamia November 5, 1901 with A. Kopff
707 Steïna December 22, 1910
712 Boliviana March 19, 1911
733 Mocia September 16, 1912
798 Ruth November 21, 1914
800 Kressmannia March 20, 1915
801 Helwerthia March 20, 1915
802 Epyaxa March 20, 1915
805 Hormuthia April 17, 1915
806 Gyldenia April 18, 1915
807 Ceraskia April 18, 1915
809 Lundia August 11, 1915
810 Atossa September 8, 1915
811 Nauheima September 8, 1915
813 Baumeia November 28, 1915
815 Coppelia February 2, 1916
816 Juliana February 8, 1916
817 Annika February 6, 1916
818 Kapteynia February 21, 1916
819 Barnardiana March 3, 1916
820 Adriana March 30, 1916
821 Fanny March 31, 1916
822 Lalage March 31, 1916
823 Sisigambis March 31, 1916
826 Henrika April 28, 1916
831 Stateira September 20, 1916
832 Karin September 20, 1916
833 Monica September 20, 1916
834 Burnhamia September 20, 1916
835 Olivia September 23, 1916
836 Jole September 23, 1916
837 Schwarzschilda September 23, 1916
838 Seraphina September 24, 1916
839 Valborg September 24, 1916
840 Zenobia September 25, 1916
841 Arabella October 1, 1916
842 Kerstin October 1, 1916
845 Naëma November 16, 1916
860 Ursina January 22, 1917
861 Aïda January 22, 1917
862 Franzia January 28, 1917
863 Benkoela February 9, 1917
865 Zubaida February 15, 1917
866 Fatme February 25, 1917
868 Lova April 26, 1917
870 Manto May 12, 1917
871 Amneris May 14, 1917
872 Holda May 21, 1917
873 Mechthild May 21, 1917
874 Rotraut May 25, 1917
875 Nymphe May 19, 1917
879 Ricarda July 22, 1917
880 Herba July 22, 1917
881 Athene July 22, 1917
883 Matterania September 14, 1917
884 Priamus September 22, 1917
887 Alinda January 3, 1918
888 Parysatis February 2, 1918
889 Erynia March 5, 1918
890 Waltraut March 11, 1918
891 Gunhild May 17, 1918
892 Seeligeria May 31, 1918
893 Leopoldina May 31, 1918
894 Erda June 4, 1918
895 Helio July 11, 1918
896 Sphinx August 1, 1918
897 Lysistrata August 3, 1918
898 Hildegard August 3, 1918
899 Jokaste August 3, 1918
900 Rosalinde August 10, 1918
901 Brunsia August 30, 1918
904 Rockefellia October 29, 1918
907 Rhoda November 12, 1918
908 Buda November 30, 1918
914 Palisana July 4, 1919
919 Ilsebill October 30, 1918
927 Ratisbona February 16, 1920
946 Poësia February 11, 1921
949 Hel March 11, 1921
972 Cohnia January 18, 1922
1008 La Paz October 31, 1923
1021 Flammario March 11, 1924
1038 Tuckia November 24, 1924
1039 Sonneberga November 24, 1924
1053 Vigdis November 16, 1925
1069 Planckia January 28, 1927
1134 Kepler September 25, 1929
1141 Bohmia January 4, 1930
1169 Alwine August 30, 1930 with M. A. Ferrero
1178 Irmela March 13, 1931
1179 Mally March 19, 1931
1203 Nanna October 5, 1931
1214 Richilde January 1, 1932
1219 Britta February 6, 1932
1365 Henyey September 9, 1928
1514 Ricouxa August 22, 1906
1661 Granule March 31, 1916
1703 Barry September 2, 1930
1967 Menzel November 1, 1905
2017 Wesson September 20, 1903
2119 Schwall August 30, 1930 with M. A. Ferrero
2298 Cindijon October 2, 1915
2373 Immo August 4, 1929
2443 Tomeileen January 24, 1906
2483 Guinevere August 17, 1928
2533 Fechtig November 3, 1905
2650 Elinor March 14, 1931
2732 Witt March 19, 1926
3034 Climenhaga September 24, 1917
3202 Graff January 3, 1908
3396 Muazzez October 15, 1915
3626 Ohsaki August 4, 1929
3907 Kilmartin August 14, 1904
4588 Wislicenus March 13, 1931
4775 Hansen October 3, 1927
4809 Robertball September 5, 1928
5702 Morando March 16, 1931
5926 Schönfeld August 4, 1929

[编辑] 資料來源

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