Brodmann area
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A Brodmann area is a region in the brain cortex defined in many different species based on its cytoarchitecture. Cytoarchitecture is the organization of the cortex as observed when a tissue is stained for nerve cells.
Brodmann areas were originally defined by Korbinian Brodmann and referred to by numbers from 1 to 52. Some of the original areas have been subdivided further and referred to, e.g., as "23a" and "23b". The same number in different species does not necessarily represent structurally homologous areas.
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[edit] Brodmann areas for human beings:
- 1, 2 & 3 - Primary Somatosensory Cortex (frequently referred to as Areas 3, 1, 2 by convention)
- 4 - Primary Motor Cortex
- 5 - Somatosensory Association Cortex
- 6 - Pre-Motor and Supplementary Motor Cortex
- 7 - Somatosensory Association Cortex
- 8 - Includes Frontal Eye Field
- 9 - Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
- 10 - Frontopolar area (most rostral part of superior and middle frontal gyri)
- 11 - Orbitofrontal area (orbital and rectus gyri, plus part of the rostral part of the superior frontal gyrus)
- 12 - Orbitofrontal area (used to be part of BA11, refers to the area between the superior frontal gyrus and the inferior rostral sulcus)
- 13 and 14* - Insular cortex
- 15* - Anterior Temporal Lobe
- 17 - Primary Visual Cortex (V1)
- 18 - Visual Association Cortex (V2)
- 19 - V3
- 20 - Inferior Temporal gyrus
- 21 - Middle Temporal gyrus
- 22 - Superior Temporal Gyrus, of which the rostral part participates to Wernicke's area
- 23 - Ventral Posterior cingulate cortex
- 24 - Ventral Anterior cingulate cortex
- 25 - Subgenual cortex
- 26 - Ectosplenial area
- 28 - Posterior Entorhinal Cortex
- 29 - Retrosplenial cingular cortex
- 30 - Part of cingular cortex
- 31 - Dorsal Posterior cingular cortex
- 32 - Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex
- 34 - Anterior Entorhinal Cortex (on the Parahippocampal gyrus)
- 35 - Perirhinal Cortex (on the Parahippocampal gyrus)
- 36 - Parahippocampal cortex (on the Parahippocampal gyrus)
- 37 - Fusiform gyrus
- 38 - Temporopolar area (most rostral part of the superior and middle temporal gyri
- 39 - Angular gyrus, part of Wernicke's area
- 40 - Supramarginal gyrus part of Wernicke's area
- 41 & 42 - Primary and Auditory Association Cortex
- 43 - Subcentral area (between insula and post/precentral gyrus)
- 44 - pars opercularis, part of Broca's area
- 45 - pars triangularis Broca's area
- 46 - Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
- 47 - Inferior prefrontal gyrus
- 48 - Retrosubicular area (a small part of the medial surface of the temporal lobe)
- 52 - Parainsular area (at the junction of the temporal lobe and the insula)
(*) Area only found in non-human primates.
[edit] Criticism
When von Bonin and Bailey were to construct a brain map for the macaque monkey they found the description of Brodmann inadequate and wrote:
- Brodmann (1907), it is true, prepared a map of the human brain which has been widely reproduced, but, unfortunately, the data on which it was based was never published[1]
They instead used the cytoarchitechtonic scheme of Economo and Koskinas published in 1925 which had the "only acceptable detailed description of the human cortex".
[edit] See also
[edit] References
[edit] External links
- Brodmann's classification system
- brodmann x func — Functional categorization of Brodmann areas.
- Brodmann, Mark Dubin pages on Brodmann areas.
- Brodmann areas of cortex involved in language
