Septum pellucidum
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Brain: Septum pellucidum | ||
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| Scheme of rhinencephalon. (Septum pellucidum visible at top center.) | ||
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| Median sagittal section of brain. (Septum pellucidum visible at center.) | ||
| Gray's | subject #189 840 | |
| NeuroNames | hier-238 | |
| MeSH | Septum+Pellucidum | |
| Dorlands/Elsevier | s_08/12730534 | |
The septum pellucidum (also called the septum lucidum) is a thin, triangular, vertical membrane that separates the lateral ventricles of the brain.
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[edit] Layers
The septum pellucidum actually consists of two layers or laminae of both white and gray matter, called the laminae septi pellucidi.
These layers are normally fused; however, in approximately one-tenths of humans, there is a slit-like cavity between them.
This space is occasionally called the "fifth ventricle"[1], although is usually not continuous with the ventricular system and does not contain cerebrospinal fluid. (Use of this term to describe the septum pellucidum has been discouraged,[2], and the term has been used for other purposes in recent years.[3]) The Terminologia Anatomica term for this space is "cavum septi pellucidi".[4]
[edit] Location
The septum pellucidum is located in the midline of the brain, between the two cerebral hemispheres. It is attached superiorly (above), anteriorly (in front), and inferiorly (below) to the corpus callosum, the large collection of nerve fibers that connect the two hemispheres.
Inferiorly and posteriorly (in back), it is attached to the anterior part of the fornix.
On either side are the two lateral ventricles, pockets of cerebrospinal fluid within the cerebral hemispheres.
[edit] Pathology
Absence of the septum pellucidum or corpus callosum, caused by mutations in the HESX1 gene, is associated with septo-optic dysplasia. This may result in hypothalamic dysfunction and hypopituitarism, as well as problems of vision, coordination, and intelligence, among other abnormalities.
One famous reference to an abnormality of the septum pellucidum would be the movie Rocky V. In the movie, the main character Rocky Balboa is forced to retire due to brain damage sustained throughout his career.
[edit] Additional images
 Mesal aspect of a brain sectioned in the median sagittal plane. |
 Horizontal section of right cerebral hemisphere. |
 Coronal section through anterior cornua of lateral ventricles. |
 Coronal section of brain through anterior commissure. |
 The fornix and corpus callosum from below. |
 Diagram showing the positions of the three principal subarachnoid cisternæ. |
[edit] References
- ^ Love J, Hollenhorst R (1956). "Bilateral palsy of the sixth cranial nerve caused by a cyst of the septum pellucidum (fifth ventricle) and cured by pneumoencephalography.". Mayo Clin Proc 31 (2): 43-6. PMID 13289891.
- ^ Alonso J, Coveñas R, Lara J, Piñuela C, Aijón J (1989). "The cavum septi pellucidi: a fifth ventricle?". Acta Anat (Basel) 134 (4): 286-90. PMID 2741657.
- ^ Liccardo G, Ruggeri F, De Cerchio L, Floris R, Lunardi P (2005). "Fifth ventricle: an unusual cystic lesion of the conus medullaris.". Spinal Cord 43 (6): 381-4. PMID 15655569.
- ^ Dorlands/Elsevier c_16/12221166
- Gray, Henry & Clemente, Carmine D. (1984). Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body (30th ed.). New York: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
- Kasper, Dennis L.; Braunwald, Eugene; Fauci, Anthony S.; Hauser, Stephen L.; Longo, Dan L.; Jameson, J. Larry; & Kurt J. Isselbacher, (Eds.) (2004). Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine (16th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
