Dentate gyrus
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| Brain: Dentate gyrus | ||
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| Diagram of hippocampal regions. DG: Dentate gyrus. | ||
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| Coronal section of brain immediately in front of pons. (Label for "Gyrus dentatus" is at bottom left.) | ||
| Latin | gyrus dentatus | |
| Gray's | subject #189 827 | |
| Part of | Temporal lobe | |
| Artery | Posterior cerebral Anterior choroidal |
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| NeuroNames | hier-161 | |
| MeSH | Dentate+Gyrus | |
The dentate gyrus is part of the hippocampal formation. It contains granule cells, which project to the pyramidal cells, but mostly to the interneurons of the CA3 subfield of the hippocampus. The granule cells are the principal excitatory neurons of the dentate gyrus. The major input to the dentate gyrus (the so-called perforant pathway) is from layer 2 of the entorhinal cortex, and the dentate gyrus receives no direct inputs from other cortical structures. The perforant pathway is divided into the medial perforant path and the lateral perforant path, generated respectively at the medial and lateral portions of the entorhinal cortex. The medial perforant path synapses onto the proximal dendritic area of the granule cells, while the lateral perforant path does so onto the distal dendrites of these same cells.
The dentate gyrus is also one of the few regions of the brain where neurogenesis takes place. Neurogenesis is thought to play a role in the formation of new memories. It has also been found to increase in response to both antidepressants and physical exercise. Conversely, endogenous and exogenous glucocorticoids such as cortisol inhibit neurogenesis. Both endogenous and exogenous glucocorticoids are known to cause psychosis and depression,1 implying that neurogenesis may improve symptoms of depression.
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[edit] Notes and references
1. Jacobs BL, van Praag H, Gage FH. Adult Brain Neurogenesis and Psychiatry: A Novel Theory of Depression. Molecular Psychiatry. 2000;5:262-269.
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