Ceftazidime

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Ceftazidime
Systematic (IUPAC) name
(6R,7R,Z)-7-(2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)- 2-(2-carboxypropan-2-yloxyimino)acetamido)-8-oxo- 3-(pyridinium-1-ylmethyl)-5-thia-1-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0] oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate
Identifiers
CAS number	72558-82-8
ATC code	J01DD02
PubChem	91713
DrugBank	APRD00857
Chemical data
Formula	C22H22N6O7S2
Mol. mass	546.58 g/mol
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	91% (IM)
Metabolism	negligible
Half life	1.6–2 hours
Excretion	90–96% renal
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.	B1(AU) B(US)
Legal status	Prescription Only (S4)(AU)
Routes	Intravenous, intramuscular

Ceftazidime (INN) (IPA: [kɛfˈtæzədim, sɛf-]) is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Like other third-generation cephalosporins, it has broad spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Unlike most third-generation agents, it is active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, however it has weaker activity against Gram-positive microorganisms and is not used for such infections. Ceftazidime pentahydrate is marketed under various trade names including Fortum (GSK).

[edit] Clinical use

Main article: Cephalosporin

Ceftazidime is usually reserved for the treatment of infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is also used in the empirical therapy of febrile neutropenia, in combination with other antibiotics. The usual dose is 1–2 g IV/IM every 8–12 hours, though this can vary by the indication, infection severity, and/or renal function of the recipient.

[edit] Chemistry

In addition to the syn-configuration of the imino side chain, compared to other third-generation cephalosporins, the more complex moiety (containing two methyl and a carboxylic acid group) confers extra stability to β-lactamase enzymes produced by many Gram-negative bacteria. The extra stability to β-lactamases increases the activity of ceftazidime against otherwise resistant Gram-negative organisms including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The charged pyridinum moiety increases water-solubility.

[edit] See also

• Cephalosporin

v • d • e Cephalosporin Antibiotics (J01D)
First Generation	Cefacetrile, Cefadroxil, Cefalexin, Cefaloglycin, Cefalonium, Cefaloridine, Cefalotin, Cefapirin, Cefatrizine, Cefazaflur, Cefazedone, Cefazolin, Cefradine, Cefroxadine, Ceftezole
Second Generation	Cefaclor, Cefamandole, Cefonicid, Ceforanide, Cefotiam, Cefprozil, Cefuroxime, Cefuzonam
Third Generation	Cefcapene, Cefdaloxime, Cefdinir, Cefditoren, Cefetamet, Cefixime, Cefmenoxime, Cefodizime, Cefoperazone, Cefotaxime, Cefpimizole, Cefpiramide, Cefpodoxime, Cefsulodin, Ceftazidime, Cefteram, Ceftibuten, Ceftiofur, Ceftiolene, Ceftizoxime, Ceftriaxone, Latamoxef
Fourth Generation	Cefclidine, Cefepime, Cefetecol,Cefluprenam, Cefoselis, Cefozopran, Cefpirome, Cefquinome