Talk:Circumcision worldwide/Temp

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The prevalence of circumcision (or circumcision rate) refers to the proportion of males that are circumcisised in a given population. It may also refer to the proportion of newborn males that are circumcised.

The World Health Organisation states that as of 2006, about 30% of males (or approximately 665 million men) are circumcised worldwide.^[1] Other estimates of the proportion of males that are circumcised worldwide vary from one sixth^[2] to one third.^[3]

The following list states the proportion of males circumcised by country.

Contents 1 Africa 1.1 80% or more 1.2 Between 20 and 80% 1.3 Less than 20% 2 Americas 2.1 Between 20 and 80% 2.2 Less than 20% 3 Asia 3.1 80% or more 3.2 Between 20 and 80% 3.3 Less than 20% 4 Europe 4.1 Between 20 and 80% 4.2 Less than 20% 4.3 Not known 4.4 Map unclear 5 Oceania 5.1 Between 20 and 80% 5.2 Less than 20% 6 References

[edit] Africa

Studies indicate that about 62% of African males are circumcised overall. However, these rates differ by region, tribal and religious groups.^[4]

[edit] 80% or more

Algeria,^[5] Morocco,^[5] Mauritania,^[5] Tunisia,^[5] Libya,^[5] Egypt,^[5] Mali,^[5] Senegal,^[5] Gambia,^[5] Guinea-Bissau,^[5] Guinea,^[5] Liberia,^[5] Sierra Leone,^[5] Ghana,^[5] Togo,^[5] Benin,^[5] Burkina Faso,^[5] Niger,^[5] Nigeria,^[5] Chad,^[5] Cameroon,^[5] Equatorial Guinea,^[5] Gabon,^[5] Republic of the Congo,^[5] Democratic Republic of the Congo,^[5] Eritrea,^[5] Ethiopia,^[5] Djibouti,^[5] Somalia,^[5] Kenya,^[5] Angola,^[5] Mauritius,^[5] Madagascar.^[5]

A study conducted in 2005 of children under 13 months in Ibadan, Nigeria reported a circumcision rate of 87%.^[6]

[edit] Between 20 and 80%

Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast),^[5] Central African Republic,^[5] Sudan,^[5] Uganda,^[5] Tanzania,^[5] Mozambique,^[5] South Africa,^[5] Lesotho.^[5]

[edit] Less than 20%

Rwanda,^[5] Burundi,^[5] Zambia,^[5] Zimbabwe,^[5] Malawi,^[5] Botswana,^[5] Namibia,^[5] Swaziland,^[5] Canary,Is. (Spain).^[5]

[edit] Americas

[edit] Between 20 and 80%

Canada,^[5] United States.^[5]

Data from a national survey conducted from 1999 to 2002 found that the overall prevalence of circumcision in the United States was 79%.^[7] An earlier survey, conducted in 1992, found a prevalence of 77% in US-born men, and 42% in non-US born men.^[8]

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, approximately 48% of Canadians are circumcised.^[9]

[edit] Less than 20%

Mexico,^[5] Belize,^[5] Costa Rica,^[5] El Salvador,^[5] Guatemala,^[5] Honduras,^[5] Nicaragua,^[5] Panama,^[5] Cuba,^[5] Jamaica,^[5] Haiti,^[5] Dominican Republic,^[5] Puerto Rico,^[5] Argentina,^[5] Bolivia,^[5] Brazil,^[5] Chile,^[5] Colombia,^[5] Ecuador,^[5] French Guiana,^[5] Guyana,^[5] Paraguay,^[5] Peru,^[5] Uruguay,^[5] Venezuela.^[5]

[edit] Asia

[edit] 80% or more

Israel,^[5][10] South Korea,^[5] Bangladesh,^[5] Pakistan,^[5] Afghanistan,^[5] Kyrgyzstan,^[5] Uzbekistan,^[5] Turkmenistan,^[5] Iran,^[5] Iraq,^[5] Kuwait,^[5] Turkey,^[5] Syria,^[5] Lebanon,^[5] Jordan,^[5] Saudi Arabia,^[5] Yemen,^[5] Oman,^[5] United Arab Emirates,^[5] Quatar,^[5] Indonesia,^[5] Malaysia.^[5]

According to Dr. Inon Schenker of the Jerusalem AIDS Project, "about 100 percent of men have been circumcised" in Israel.^[10]

According to the World Health Organisation, 20-80% of males in South Korea are circumcised.^[5] A 2001 study of 20-year old South Korean men found that 78% were circumcised.^[11]

[edit] Between 20 and 80%

Kazakstan.^[5]

[edit] Less than 20%

Russia,^[5] Mongolia,^[5] China,^[5] North Korea,^[5] India,^[5] Sri Lanka,^[5] Nepal,^[5] Bhutan,^[5] Burma,^[5] Thailand,^[5] Laos,^[5] Vietnam,^[5] Cambodia,^[5] Japan,^[5] Papua New Guinea.^[5]

[edit] Europe

[edit] Between 20 and 80%

Slovenia,^[5] Bosnia,^[5] Serbia,^[5] Montenegro,^[5] Albania,^[5] Macedonia.^[5]

[edit] Less than 20%

The following countries have a circumcision rate of less than 20%: Iceland,^[5] United Kingdom,^[5][12] Ireland,^[5] Sweden,^[5] Norway,^[5] Finland,^[5] Denmark,^[5] Estonia,^[5] Latvia,^[5] Lithuania,^[5] Portugal,^[5] Spain,^[5] France,^[5] Switzerland,^[5] Italy,^[5] Netherlands,^[5] Belgium,^[5] Slovakia,^[5] Germany,^[5] Poland,^[5] Czech Republic,^[5] Hungary,^[5] Greece,^[5] Bulgaria,^[5] Romania,^[5] Moldova,^[5] Ukraine,^[5] Austria,^[5] Belarus.^[5]

A national survey in 2003 found that 15.8% of men in the United Kingdom (ages 16-44) were circumcised.^[12]

[edit] Not known

Luxemburg,^[5] Croatia,^[5] Andorra^[5]

[edit] Map unclear

Monaco, San Marino, Vatican City, Liechtenstein, Malta

[edit] Oceania

[edit] Between 20 and 80%

Australia.^[5][13]

A survey of Australian men, conducted in 2001-2002, reported that 58.7% were circumcised.^[13]

[edit] Less than 20%

New Zealand.^[5]

[edit] References

1. ^ Information package on male circumcision and HIV prevention: insert 2 1. World Health Organisation.
2. ^ Williams N, Kapila L. Complications of circumcision. Brit J Surg. 1993;80:1231-6. (full text)
3. ^ Crawford DA. Circumcision: a consideration of some of the controversy. J Child Health Care. 2002 December;6(4):259-70. PMID 12503896
4. ^ Questions and answers: NIAID-sponsored adult male circumcision trials in Kenya and Uganda. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (December 2006).
5. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dy dx dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez} Information package on male circumcision and HIV prevention: insert 2 2. World Health Organisation.
6. ^ Okeke, L I; et al (2006). "Epidemiology of complications of male circumcision in Ibadan, Nigeria". BMC Urol 6: 21. 
7. ^ Prevalence of circumcision in men in the United States: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999-2002. International AIDS Society (2006).
8. ^ Laumann, EO; et al (1997). "Circumcision in the United States". JAMA 277 (13): 1052-1057. 
9. ^ (1999) "American Academy of Pediatrics: circumcision policy statement". Pediatrics 103 (3): 686-693. 
10. ^ ^{a b} Israel teaches WHO about circumcision. ynet news (November 2006).
11. ^ Ku, J H; et al. "Circumcision practice patterns in South Korea: community based survey". Sex Transm Inf 79: 65-67. 
12. ^ ^{a b} Dave, SS; et al (2003). "Male circumcision in Britain: findings from a national probability sample survey". Sex Transm Infect 79: 499-500. 
13. ^ ^{a b} Richters, J; et al. (2006). "Circumcision in Australia: prevalence and effects on sexual health". Int J STD AIDS 17: 547-554.