Clifford Brown
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| Clifford Brown | ||
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 Clifford Brown: Memorial Album on Blue Note Records.
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| Background information | ||
| Born | October 30, 1930 Wilmington, Delaware, USA |
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| Died | June 26, 1956 | |
| Genre(s) | Jazz | |
| Instrument(s) | Trumpet | |
Clifford Brown (October 30, 1930 – June 26, 1956) was an influential and highly rated American jazz trumpeter. Despite an abbreviated recording career of only 4 years duration (due to his early death), he had a considerable influence on later jazz trumpet players, including Donald Byrd, Lee Morgan, Booker Little, Freddie Hubbard, Wynton Marsalis, Nicholas Payton, Arturo Sandoval.
He won the Down Beat critics' poll for the 'New Star of the Year' in 1954; he was inducted into the Down Beat 'Jazz Hall of Fame' in 1972 in the critics' poll. Sandoval described him as "one of what we call the mandatory trumpet players" who was "one of the greatest trumpet players of all time".
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[edit] Life
Brown was born in Wilmington, Delaware. After briefly attending the University of Delaware and Maryland State College (University of Maryland, Eastern Shore), he moved into playing music professionally, where he quickly became one of the most highly regarded trumpeters in jazz.
His style was influenced by Fats Navarro, sharing Navarro's virtuosic technique and brilliance of invention. His sound was warm and round, and notably consistent across the full range of the instrument. He could articulate every note, even at the high tempos which seemed to present no difficulty to him; this served to enhance the impression of his speed of execution. His sense of harmony was highly developed, enabling him to deliver bold statements through complex harmonic progressions (chord changes), and embodying the linear, "algebraic" terms of bebop harmony. As well as his up-tempo prowess, he could express himself deeply in a ballad performance. It is said that he played each set as though it would be his last.
Neil Tesser wrote of him:
- "Clifford Brown could play with a speed and precision that challenged, and at time eclipsed even the virtuosity of his own idols ... But even more than that, Clifford became known for a brain-boggling capacity to improvise long, complex and stunningly well-constructed solos."
He performed with Chris Powell, Tadd Dameron, Lionel Hampton, and Art Blakey before forming his own group with Max Roach. The Clifford Brown & Max Roach Quintet was a high water mark of the hard bop style. The group's pianist, Richie Powell (younger brother of Bud), contributed original compositions, as did Brown himself. The partnership of Brown's trumpet with Harold Land's tenor saxophone made for a very strong front line. Teddy Edwards briefly replaced Land before Sonny Rollins took over for the remainder of the group's existence. In their hands the bebop vernacular reached a peak of inventiveness.
The clean-living Brown has been cited as perhaps breaking the influence of heroin on the jazz world, a model established by Charlie Parker. Clifford stayed away from drugs and was not fond of alcohol; his only vice was chess. Rollins said of him: "Clifford was a profound influence on my personal life. He showed me that it was possible to live a good, clean life and still be a good jazz musician." Roach described him as "one of the rare complete individuals ever born ... a sweet, beautiful [person]".
[edit] Death
In June, 1956, Brown and Richie Powell were being driven from Philadelphia to Chicago by Powell's wife Nancy, for the band's next appearance. While driving at night on the Pennsylvania Turnpike, a few miles west of Bedford, she lost control of the car on a wet stretch of the road, and all three were killed.
[edit] Tributes
Benny Golson, who had done a stint in Lionel Hampton's band with "Brownie" (as he was known in the jazz world), wrote the threnody I Remember Clifford to honour his memory. The song became an instant standard, as musicians paid tribute by recording their personal reading of it.
Helen Merrill, who recorded with Clifford Brown in 1954 (Helen Merrill with Clifford Brown, EmArcy), recorded a tribute album in 1995 entitled Brownie: Homage to Clifford Brown. The album features solos and ensemble work by trumpeters Lew Soloff, Tom Harrell, Wallace Roney, and Roy Hargrove.
Arturo Sandoval's entire second album after fleeing from his native Cuba, also titled I Remember Clifford, was likewise a tribute to Brown.
Wilmington, Delaware hosts annually the Clifford Brown Jazz Festival.
[edit] Partial list of compositions
- Joy Spring (perhaps Brown's best-known piece)
- Daahoud (also widely recorded by others)
- Bones for Jones
- George's Dilemma
- Gerkin for Perkin
- Sandu
- Swingin'
- Tiny Capers
- Brownie Speaks
- LaRue
- Blues Walk
- All Weird
- Goofin' With Me
[edit] Partial discography
- Clifford Brown: Jazz Immortal (Pacific Jazz)
- Memorial Album (Blue Note, 1953)
- Brownie: The Complete EmArcy Recordings of Clifford Brown (Verve)
- Clifford Brown (Verve; selections from Brownie)
- Brown and Roach Incorporated (EmArcy, 1954)
- Study in Brown (EmArcy, 1955)
- Clifford Brown and Max Roach (EmArcy, 1955)
- At Basin Street (EmArcy, 1956)
- The Clifford Brown Sextet in Paris {Prestige, 1953)
- Clifford Brown with Strings (EmArcy, 1955)
- The Clifford Brown Big Band in Paris (Prestige, 1953)
- Alone Together: The Best of the Mercury Years (Mercury, 1995)
[edit] External links
[edit] Further reading
- Nick Catalano, Clifford Brown: The Life and Art of the Legendary Jazz Trumpeter (Oxford University Press, 2001)
