Closings and cancellations following the September 11, 2001 attacks
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Many closings and cancellations followed the September 11, 2001 attacks, including major landmarks, buildings, as well as postponement or cancellation of major sporting and other events. Landmarks were closed primarily because of fears that they may be attacked. At some places, streets leading up to the institutions were also closed. When they reopened, they opened with heightened security. Many states declared a state of emergency.
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[edit] Closings
- (both unusual and logical closures on September 11, 2001)
- The stock exchanges on Wall Street. Wall Street stock markets did not open on September 11, even as CNBC continued to show futures numbers early in the day. As Wall Street itself was covered in debris from the World Trade Center and due to infrastructure damage, it remained closed until Monday, September 17 — four normally open days, six including Saturday and Sunday.
- The Washington Monument
- The Statue of Liberty, Ellis Island, and the ferries to both
- The Virginia State Capitol
- Other landmarks in the United States, including the Space Needle in Seattle, Washington.
- All federal buildings in Washington, D.C., including the White House. Across the country approximately one million federal workers were sent home.
- NASA
- The United States Supreme Court building
- Resorts and vacation spots including:
- Disneyland and Knotts Berry Farm (only on September 11)[1]
- Walt Disney World (only on September 11)
- Universal Studios Florida
- SeaWorld
- All television and movie studios in Hollywood
- All Westfield shopping centers, malls and shoppingtowns nationwide, as they owned the destroyed underground shopping mall at the World Trade Center
- Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport
- All federal and state buildings in Massachusetts
- Many schools across the country, and a number in Canada (but less likely on the west coast)
- Many employers around the country send their employees home,
[edit] Evacuations
(evacuation in light of perceived threat of attack)
- United Nations headquarters in New York City
- Sears Tower in Chicago[1]
- John Hancock Tower in Boston.[1]
- Several skyscrapers in downtown Houston
- Transamerica Pyramid in San Francisco
- Renaissance Center in Detroit
- Parts of Washington, D.C., and New York City
- International flights bound for the USA were diverted to Canada (known as Operation Yellow Ribbon)
- In London, Canary Wharf tower and the Stock Exchange Tower
- Empire State Building in New York was evacuated several times on September 11 and after due to false reports of potential threats.
- HSBC Tower in Buffalo, New York
- Bank of America and Wachovia headquarters buildings in Charlotte, North Carolina
- Tribune Studios was evacuated when there were no shows being taped.
[edit] Cancellations
In an atmosphere reminiscent of the assassination of John F. Kennedy in 1963 every day life in the United States came to a standstill in the days after the September 11 attacks. There was a widespread perception immediately following the attacks that recreational events and sports were not appropriate out of respect for the dead and wounded. For this reason, as well as for reasons of perceived threat associated with large gatherings, events were postponed or cancelled. A sampling of cancellations:
- Broadway theater shows (until Thursday evening, September 13, when they resumed with dimmed marquees)
- Major sporting events cancelled in the United States included:
- Major League Baseball - Baseball Commissioner Bud Selig called off games for one day,[2] extending cancellations for three days, then all games through Sunday September 16 were postponed. The games were tacked on to the end of the regular season, delaying the post-season and the end of the 2001 World Series to November 4 that year. This was the third time ever that games were cancelled due war or national security reasons.[2] In the past, games were cancelled on D-Day and the 1918 season was shortened due to World War I.[2]
- Minor League Baseball. All championship series were cancelled. Teams that had led their respective series were awarded league championships, or teams which were scheduled to play in such series were awarded co-championships.
- The National Football League postponed football games on Sunday September 16 and the Monday night game the night following. Those games and the playoffs and Super Bowl XXXVI were put back at the end of the regular season.
- NASCAR postponed the Sunday September 16 Winston Cup New Hampshire 300 race at New Hampshire International Speedway until November 23, the day after Thanksgiving, the next available date for racing.
- Division I-A college football games to be played Thursday, September 13, including Penn State at University of Virginia, and Ohio University at North Carolina State, were called off,[3] as were games scheduled for Saturday, September 15. This was not an insignificant decision; in 1988, Syracuse University was severely criticized for allowing a basketball game be played hours after 35 of their students were killed in the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103. Some games were played in early December, others were cancelled. Other games were added as a result of teams being unable to find makeup dates.
- The PGA golf tour cancelled the World Golf Championship (the American Express championship at the Bellerive Country Club in St. Louis, Missouri). This was the first time in five years the PGA cancelled a tournament. (In 1996, the PGA Tour cancelled the AT&T Pebble Beach National Pro-Am because of weather conditions, and subsequently added a new rule that a tournament would not be official unless 54 holes were played.) This event was not made up, and the purse monies were donated to charities.
- The following overseas sports events:
- Games scheduled by UEFA, the European governing body of soccer, that were scheduled for September 12 and 13 were postponed (games had been played on the 11th).
- All Canadian Football League games were scrapped.
- Voting in the September 11 city of New York mayoral primary election was halted. Elections in Syracuse, New York and Buffalo, New York were delayed.
- Even months after the attacks, events were still impacted, with Blockbuster Entertainment cancelling its spring 2002 awards show. Another event impacted by the attacks were the 2003 Grammy Awards, which were held at Madison Square Garden instead of Staples Center.
- Cartoon Network cancelled Mobile Suit Gundam after the attack (as the series focuses on war) and took an episode of Cowboy Bebop that dealt with terrorist bombings ("Cowboy Funk") out of the Adult Swim lineup for nearly a year afterwards.
- Jeopardy! four-time champion Ramsey Campbell's fifth game (episode #3912), against Nancy Casbeer and Kevin Laude, was slated for a Series 18 game to air on September 11. Campbell was going for his fifth win, the car, and a slot in the Tournament of Champions. The show did not air in most of the country until June 2005 on GSN. Laude's defeat of Campbell did not air in most of the country for four years. However, he was paid $8,100 for the win shortly after Sony announced the show would not air. Also, episodes #3913 (Bethany Paye defeats Kevin Laude and Jeff Combe), #3914 (Jennifer Hartford defeats Bethany Paye and Francis Grant, Jr.), and #3915 (Mark Dawson defeats Jennifer Hartford and Marielsa Ruiz) also remained un-aired in most of the country until their re-broadcast on GSN in June 2005.
[edit] Postponements
- The 2001 Emmy Awards. Scheduled for September 16, 2001, the glamorous awards show was rescheduled twice (among rumors of cancelling it) before taking place on November 4, with a somewhat somber atmosphere.
- The Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting, a meeting of the heads of government of the nations of the Commonwealth of Nations to be held in Brisbane, Australia, was postponed. The organisers of the meeting claimed the cancellation was not so much a fear of terrorist attack on the meeting itself, but a desire by many Commonwealth leaders to stay at home in case of any further crisis-making world events (such as the commencement of overt military action in Afghanistan or elsewhere).
- Even after normal television programming resumed after nearly a full week of news coverage following the attack, some daily talk shows such as The Tonight Show, Late Night with Conan O'Brien, The Daily Show and Late Show with David Letterman took additional time before beginning to broadcast new installments, with Letterman in particular stating that he was not sure he wanted to continue to do the show. All the shows did eventually return, though their first episodes back were somber affairs.
- The fall season premieres of a number of American TV series were delayed, including several that were scheduled to air on September 11 itself.
- The 2001 Ryder Cup of golf, held at The Belfry in England, was postponed a year.
- The World Wrestling Federation postponed a SmackDown! television taping on September 11, and instead aired the show live on September 13 from Houston, Texas. The show was dedicated to the victims of the attacks with straightforward wrestling matches interspliced with wrestler's thoughts on the events.
- The first airing of the anime Full Metal Panic! was delayed because the first episode involved a terrorist hijacking a plane.
[edit] Travel effects
For at least a full day after the attacks, bridges and tunnels to the island of Manhattan were closed to non-emergency traffic in both directions. Among other things, this interrupted scheduled deliveries of food and other perishables, leading to shortages in restaurants.
All civilian airplane traffic in the United States and Canada was grounded until Thursday, September 13, 2001. United Airlines cancelled all flights worldwide temporarily. First the stranded planes were allowed to go to their intended destinations, then limited service resumed. All incoming international flights were diverted to Canada in Operation Yellow Ribbon. On Thursday night the New York area airports (JFK, La Guardia, Newark) were closed again, and reopened Friday morning. The only traffic from La Guardia during the closure was a single C9C government VIP jet, departing at approximately 5:15PM on the 12th.
From September 27, 2001, one-occupant cars were banned from crossing into Lower Manhattan from Midtown on weekday mornings, in an effort to relieve some of the crush of traffic in the city (the morning rush hour was lasting from 5:30 AM to noon), caused largely by the increased security measures put in place.
[edit] New York City mass transit
[edit] NYC Subway
Service on the IRT Broadway-Seventh Avenue Line, a major subway line in New York City, was crippled, as it ran directly under the World Trade Center. Immediately after the attacks, and more so after the collapses, many trains lost power and had to be evacuated through the tunnels. Some trains had power but the signals did not, requiring that the train operator reset the brakes once for each car each time the train passed a signal.
Service was immediately suspended south of Chambers Street, and then cut back to 14th Street. All local service ran through the WTC to South Ferry, and was suspended. The express services split off from the local just north of the WTC, and were able to resume service (initially making all local stops). Eventually the 1 train provided local service (switching onto the express tracks at Chambers Street) and the 2 provided express service (the 3 also provided express service north of 14th Street).
Service on the BMT Broadway Line was also severely disrupted as the local tracks ran adjacent to the World Trade Center and there were concerns that train movements could cause unsafe settling of the debris pile. Also, the pillars that supported the road above the line were not rated for the weight of the heavy construction equipment that was brought in to assist in the rescue and recovery effort.
Thus, the only train line running between midtown Manhattan and lower Manhattan was the IRT Lexington Avenue Line, which was overcrowded before the attacks and was at crush density from September 17 until the BMT line opened.
Nevertheless, there were no reported casulties on the subway or loss of cars. An express bus, was however, destroyed.
[edit] PATH
The PATH station at World Trade Center was heavily damaged (a train parked in the station was crushed by debris) and was removed during the excavation process. As such all service to World Trade Center was suspended. For several hours PATH did not run any trains to Manhattan, but was able to restore service on the midtown line by the afternoon.
The Exchange Place station was also unusable since the switch configuration at the time required all trains to continue to World Trade Center.
As a result PATH ran a modified service: Hoboken-Journal Square, Hoboken-33rd St, and Newark-33rd St.
[edit] Ferries
New York Waterway's main ferry landing was at the World Financial Center. As this area was in the restricted zone, service was suspended, and eventually resumed to Pier 11.
[edit] International Event Cancellations
- In memoriam of the attacks, Mexican President Vicente Fox cancelled the Mexican Independence Day celebrations traditionally held at midnight on September 16 in Mexico City.
[edit] References
- ^ a b c Abelson, Reed. "Absorbing a Blow to the Heart of America's Financial Center", The New York Times, September 12, 2001.
- ^ a b c Chass, Murray. "Selig, in a Sense of Mourning, Cancels Baseball Games", The New York Times, September 12, 2001.
- ^ Litsky, Frank, Lena William. "Many Sporting Events Called Off or Postponed", The New York Times, September 12, 2001.
