Edward of Norwich, 2nd Duke of York
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Edward of Norwich(1373 – 25 October 1415), 2nd Earl of Rutland, 2nd Earl of Cambridge, 2nd Duke of York and 1st Duke of Aumale, died at the Battle of Agincourt.
The son of Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, and his first wife Isabella of Castile, Duchess of York. His paternal grandparents were Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault. His maternal grandparents were King Pedro of Castile and Maria de Padilla who was of Jewish descent. (Peggy K. Liss, "Isabel the Queen," New York: Oxford University Press, 1992, p. 165; James Reston, Jr. "Dogs of God," New York: Doubleday, p. 18.)
Edward is thought to have been born in Norwich. He was close to his cousin King Richard II, and was created Earl of Rutland by him in 1390, and then Duke of Aumale in 1397. This association put him out of favour after the usurpation of King Henry IV, and he was deprived of his Dukedom. In 1400 he participated in a conspiracy against Henry IV, but betrayed the conspirators to the king. In 1402 he succeeded his father as Duke of York. He married a widow, Philippa de Mohun, but there were no children from their marriage.
Edward wrote “The Master of Game”, a translation of the most famous of the hunting treatises of the Middle Ages, the “Livre de Chasse” of Gaston Phoebus, Count de Foix, adding five chapters of his own.
Edward took part in King Henry V's war on France and died at the Battle of Agincourt, the major English casualty in that battle.
On his death, the Dukedom did not immediately pass to his nephew, Richard Plantagenet, as Richard's father Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge, had been attainted for treason, but the younger Richard was eventually restored to the Dukedom.
As the Duke of Aumerle, he is a major character in William Shakespeare's Richard II, and he is also a minor character in Henry V. Although his death is depicted by Shakespeare and his adaptors as an act of heroism, it was in fact more of an accident: along with many of the French knights, he was unable to remain upright when unhorsed in the fray and effectively died of suffocation under a pile of other men and horses.
| Legal Offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by The Earl of Kent |
Justice in Eyre south of Trent 1397–1415 |
Succeeded by The Duke of Gloucester |
| Peerage of England | ||
| Preceded by New Creation |
Duke of Aumale 1397–1399 |
Succeeded by Deprived |
| Preceded by Edmund of Langley |
Duke of York 1402–1415 |
Succeeded by Richard Plantagenet |
Edmund of Langley (1384–1402) · Edward of Norwich (1402–1415) · Richard Plantagenet (1415-1460) · Edward IV (1460-1461) · Richard of Shrewsbury (1474-1483) · Henry VIII (1494-1509) · Charles I (1605-1625) · James II (1633/1644-1685) · Ernest Augustus (1716-1728) · Prince Edward Augustus (1760-1767) · Prince Frederick (1784-1827) · George V (1865-1910) · George VI (1920-1936) · HRH The Duke of York (1986-)
