Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative
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| IPA – number | 148 |
| IPA – text | ɬ |
| IPA – image |  |
| Entity | ɬ |
| X-SAMPA | K |
| Kirshenbaum | s<lat> |
| Sound sample | |
|---|---|
The voiceless alveolar lateral fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents voiceless dental, alveolar, and postalveolar fricatives is ɬ, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is K. The symbol ɬ is called "belted l" and should not be confused with "l with tilde", [ɫ], which corresponds to a different sound, the velarized alveolar lateral approximant. It should also be distinguished from a voiceless alveolar lateral approximant, although the fricative is sometimes incorrectly often described as a "voiceless l", a description fitting only of the approximant.
Contents |
[edit] Features
Features of the voiceless alveolar lateral fricative:
- Its manner of articulation is fricative, which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
- Its place of articulation is alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue against the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.
- Its phonation type is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
- It is a lateral consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the sides of the tongue, rather than the middle of the tongue.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.
[edit] In English
English does not possess this sound, but English speakers can approximate it by pronouncing the sounds [h] and [l] simultaneously. A phonetically similar sound, the voiceless lateral approximant, occurs in English after /p/ and /k/ in words like 'plead' and 'clean'. The voiceless approximant (but not the fricative) was also found in Old English in words like hlūd "loud".
[edit] In other languages
- Avar: лъабго [ˈɬabgo], "three"
- Hoisanese Cantonese: thlaam [ɬam˥], "three"
- Chukchi: левыт [ɬeβət], "head"
- Kabardian: плъы [pɬɛ], "to look"
- Navajo: ła' [ɬaʔ], "little"
- Sassarese: moltu ['mɔɬtu], "dead".
- Welsh: llwyd [ɬʊɪd], "grey"
- Nosu Yi: [ɬo˧˩bo˧], "moon"
- Zulu: isihlahla [isiɬaɬa], "tree"
[edit] Semitic languages
The sound is assumed as a phoneme for Proto-Semitic, usually transcribed as ś, since it evolved into Arabic [ʃ], Hebrew, [s]:
| Proto-Semitic | Akkadian | Arabic | Phoenician | Hebrew | Aramaic | Ge'ez | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ś | s̠ | ش | š |  |
š | שׂ | s | שׂ | s | ሰ | ś |
Amongst Semitic languages, the sound still exists in contemporary Soqotri. In Ge'ez, it is written with the letter Śat.
[edit] Ingressive voiceless alveolar lateral fricative
- Damin has an ingressive voiceless lateral fricative [ɬ↓]. That is, the sound is made by inhaling air over the sides of the tongue. This is the only confirmed example in the world of a phoneme regularly produced by inhaling.
[edit] The voiceless lateral approximant
Tibetan has a voiceless lateral approximant as in the city name Lhasa. However, this sound lacks the striking fricative quality of the Welsh and Zulu lateral fricative.
[edit] See also
| Consonants (List, table) | See also: IPA, Vowels | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| This page contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help] Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged impossible. |
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