Voiceless dental plosive
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| IPA – number | 103 + 408 |
| IPA – text | t̪ |
| IPA – image |  |
| Entity | t̪ |
| X-SAMPA | t_d |
| Kirshenbaum | t[ |
| [[:Media:|Sound sample]] | |
|---|---|
The voiceless dental plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is t̪, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is t_d. This is the symbol for the voiceless alveolar plosive with the "bridge below" diacritic meaning dental.
Contents |
[edit] Features
Features of the voiceless dental plosive:
- Its manner of articulation is plosive or stop, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract.
- Its place of articulation is dental which means it is articulated with the tongue on either the lower or the upper teeth, or both.
- Its phonation type is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the center of the tongue, rather than the sides.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.
[edit] Varieties of the voiceless dental plosive
| IPA | Description |
|---|---|
| t̪ | plain t̪ |
| t̪ʰ | aspirated t̪ |
| t̪ʲ | palatalized t̪ |
| t̪ʷ | labialized t̪ |
| t̪̚ | unreleased t̪ |
| t̪ʼ | ejective t̪ |
[edit] Found in
True dental consonants are relatively uncommon. In the Romance languages, /t/ is often called dental. However, the rearmost contact (which is what gives a consonant its distinctive sound) is actually alveolar, or perhaps denti-alveolar; the fact that the front of the tongue touches the teeth may be more visible, but is unimportant acoustically. The difference between the /t/ sounds of the Romance languages and English is not so much where the tongue contacts the roof of the mouth as which part of the tongue makes the contact. In English, it is the tip of the tongue (such sounds are termed apical), whereas in the Romance languages, it is the flat of the tongue just above the tip (such sounds are called laminal).
However, there are languages with true apical (or less commonly laminal) dental t. Many Indian languages, such as Hindi, have a two-way contrast between aspirated and plain [t̪]. In Finnish, the dental plosive /t/ contrasts with the alveolar plosive /d/, although the latter is typically voiced or tapped as a secondary cue; moreover, in native words, the alveolar plosive appears only as a lenition of the dental plosive. Many Australian Aboriginal languages contrast alveolar and dental varieties of /t/.
[edit] Occurrence
- Arabic: /kaˈt̪ab/, "he wrote"
- Dinka: mεth [mɛ̀t̪], "child"
- Greek: Ματθαίος [mat̪.ˈθe̞.o̞s̠], "Matthew"
- Italian: tempo [ˈt̪ɛmpo], "time"
- Polish: gęsty [ˈɡɛ̃st̪ɨ], "thick"
- Portuguese: montanha [mõˈt̪ɐɲɐ], "mountain"
- Russian: толстый [ˈt̪olstɨj], "fat"
- Spanish: tener [t̪̪e̞ˈne̞r], "to have"
[edit] See also
| Consonants (List, table) | See also: IPA, Vowels | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| This page contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help] Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged impossible. |
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