George Gapon
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Georgi Apollonovich Gapon (Russian: Георгий Ðполлонович Гапон; 17 February [O.S. 5 February] 1870 — 10 April [O.S. 28 March] 1906) was a Russian Orthodox priest and a popular working class leader before the Russian Revolution of 1905.
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[edit] Biography
[edit] Early life
Gapon was the son of a wealthy farmer from the Poltava region. He was educated in a theological seminary and married in 1896, but was widowed in 1898. He then moved to Saint Petersburg and graduated from its theological academy in 1902. Gapon became a religious teacher at the St Olga children orphanage, from 1900. In 1902 Gapon was discharged, by the Holy Synod, from his duties as a priest due to "moral sinfulness". Later, George Gapon married one of the girls from the orphanage, Maria Uzdaleva. The marriage remained unregistered, as a second marriage was forbidden to Orthodox priests.
[edit] Bloody Sunday incident
Father Gapon organized the Assembly of Russian Factory and Plant Workers of St. Petersburg, which was patronized by the Department of the Police and the St. Petersburg secret police, Okhrana. The Assembly's objectives were to defend workers' rights and to elevate their moral and religious status. Only persons of Russian Orthodox denomination were eligible to join its ranks. Soon the organization had 12 branches and 8,000 members, and Gapon tried to expand activities to Kiev and Moscow. Gapon was not simply an obedient instrument of the police; cooperating with them, he tried to realize his own plans[1] .
From the end of 1904, Gapon started to cooperate with radicals, who had championed the abolition of the Tsar's autocracy.
On January 22 [O.S. January 9] 1905, the day after the general strike burst out in St. Petersburg, Gapon organized a workers' procession to present a petition to the Tsar, which ended tragically (Bloody Sunday 1905)[2]. He was saved by his followers that day. Following the Bloody Sunday, he anathematized the Emperor and called upon the workers to take action against the regime, but soon after escaped abroad, where he had close ties with the Socialist-Revolutionary Party. He found sanctuary in Geneva[3]. After the October Manifesto he returned to Russia and resumed contact with the Okhrana. Suspected as an agent provocateur, Gapon was hanged in a Finnish cottage by Pinhas Rutenberg in accordance with a sentence passed on him by the Socialist-Revolutionary Party[2].
[edit] References
- ^ Warren H. Carroll - The Faith in Russian History accessed 22 Jan 2007
- ^ a b Marxist biographies accessed 22 Jan 2007
- ^ Spartacus Educational accessed 21 Feb 2007
