Jean-Michel Basquiat
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Jean-Michel Basquiat (IPA: [ʒɑ̃ miˈʃɛl basˈkja(t)]) (December 22, 1960 - August 12, 1988) was an American artist born in Brooklyn, New York City. He gained fame, first as a graffiti artist in New York City, and then as a highly successful Neo-expressionist artist in the international art scene of the 1980s. Many recognize Basquiat as a leading figure in contemporary art, and his paintings continue to command high prices in the art market.
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[edit] Life
His mother, Matilde, was Puerto Rican and his father, Gerard Jean-Baptiste is of Haïtian origin and the former Minister of the Interior. At an early age, Basquiat displayed an aptitude for art and was encouraged by his mother to draw, paint, and to participate in other art-related activities. Around the age of seven Basquiat was hospitalized for injuries related to a car accident. When in the hospital Basquiat's mother gave him the book "Gray's Anatomy" as a gift to pass the time. Basquiat loved the diagrams in the book and later began to inspire him in his artwork and also helped create the band "Gray".
In 1977, when he was 17, Basquiat and his friend Al Diaz started spray-painting graffiti art on slum buildings in lower Manhattan, adding the infamous signature of "SAMO" or "SAMO shit" (i.e. "same ol' shit"). The graphics were pithy text messages such as "Plush safe he think; SAMO” and ""SAMO is an escape clause." In December of 1978, the Village Voice published an article about the writings. The SAMO project ended with the epitaph SAMO IS DEAD written on the walls of SoHo buildings.
In 1978, Basquiat dropped out of Edward R. Murrow High School and left home, a year before graduating. He moved into the city and lived with friends, surviving by selling T-shirts and postcards on the street. By 1979, however, Basquiat gained a certain celebrity status amidst the thriving art scene of Manhattan's East Village, for his regular appearances on Glenn O'Brian's live public-access cable show, TV Party.
In June 1980, he first started to gain recognition when he participated in The Times Square Show, a multi-artist exhibition, sponsored by Collaborative Projects Incorporated (Colab).
In 1981, poet, art critic and cultural provocateur Rene Ricard published "The Radiant Child" in Artforum magazine, helping to launch Basquiat's career to an international stage.
During the next few years, he continued exhibiting his works around New York alongside artists such as Keith Haring, Barbara Kruger, as well as internationally, promoted by his gallerists Annina Nosei, Vrej Baghoomian, Larry Gagosian, Mary Boone and Bruno Bischofberger. By 1982, Basquiat was showing regularly alongside Julian Schnabel, David Salle, Francesco Clemente and Enzo Cucchi, thus becoming part of a loose-knit group that art-writers, curators, and collectors would soon be calling the Neo-expressionist movement. He started dating an aspiring performer named Madonna in the fall of '82. In 1982, Basquiat met Andy Warhol, with whom he collaborated extensively, eventually forging a close, if strained, friendship.
By 1984, many of Basquiat's friends were concerned about his excessive drug use and increasingly erratic behaviour, including signs of paranoia. Basquiat had developed a frequent heroin habit by this point, starting from his early years living among the junkies and street artists in New York's underground.
In 1985 Basquiat appeared on the cover of The New York Times Magazine in a feature entitled "New Art, New Money: The Marketing of an American Artist".
As Basquiat's international success heightened, his works were shown in solo exhibitions across major European capitals.
Tragically, Jean-Michel Basquiat died of mixed drug toxicity(He had been combining cocaine and heroin)in his Great Jones Street loft/studio in 1988 several days before what would have been Basquiat's second trip to the Côte d'Ivoire.
He is survived by his father, Gerard, and mother, Matilde, both of Brooklyn, and two sisters, Lisane and Jeanine
[edit] Art periods
Basquiat's art career is known for his three broad, though overlapping styles. In the earliest period, from 1980 to late 1982, Basquiat used painterly gestures on canvas, often depicting skeletal figures and mask-like faces that expressed his obsession with mortality. Other frequently depicted imagery such as automobiles, buildings, police, children's sidewalk games, and graffiti came from his experience painting on the city streets. A middle period from late 1982 to 1985 featured multipanel paintings and individual canvases with exposed stretcher bars, the surface dense with writing, collage and seemingly unrelated imagery. These works reveal a strong interest in Basquiat's black and Haitian identity and his identification with historical and contemporary black figures and events. On one occasion Basquiat painted his girlfriend's dress, with his words, a "Little Shit Brown". The final period, from about 1986 to Basquiat's death in 1988, displays a new type of figurative depiction, in a new style with different symbols and content from new sources. This period seems to have also had a profound impact on the styles of artists who admired Basquiat's work. Basquiat's lasting creative influence is immediately recognizable in the work of subsequent and self-taught generational artists such as Mark Gonzales, Kelly D. Williams, Raymond Morris, and Francesco Clemente. Carlitos Alvarez Villanueva was amongst those that inspired Basquiat during this time, which retrospectively, was the final stage for the influential artist.
[edit] Andy Warhol
In 1982, Basquiat befriended pop artist Andy Warhol and the two made a number of collaborative works. They also painted together, influencing each others' work. Some speculated that Andy Warhol was merely using Basquiat for some of his techniques and insight. Their relationship continued until Warhol's death in 1987. Warhol's death was very distressing for Basquiat, and is speculated by Phoebe Hoban, in Basquiat, her 1998 biography on the artist, that Warhol's death was a turning point for Basquiat, and that afterwards his drug addiction and depression began to spiral.
[edit] Movies and television
Basquiat's character has been represented in motion pictures. He has been portrayed by Jeffrey Wright in Basquiat, a bio-pic about the artist directed by Julian Schnabel. He played himself in Downtown 81 (a.k.a New York Beat Movie), and in Blondie's video for "Rapture". Jean-Michel was also a frequent guest on "Glenn O'Brien's TV Party", a NYC public access television show.
[edit] Value of Artwork
Up until 2002, the highest mark that was paid for an original work of Basquiat's was $3,302,500 (set on 12 November 1998). On 14 May 2002 Basquiat's "Profit I" (a large piece of art measuring 86.5" by 157.5"), owned by heavy metal band Metallica co-founder Lars Ulrich, was put up for auction at Christie's. It was there that the highest mark for a work of Basquiat's was set when "Profit I" sold for $5,509,500.[1] The proceedings of the auction are documented in the film Some Kind of Monster.
[edit] Quotes
- "Every single line means something."
- "Since I was seventeen I thought I might be a star. I'd think about all my heroes, Charlie Parker, Jimi Hendrix... I had a romantic feeling about how these people became famous."
- "I don't think about art when I'm working. I try to think about life."
- "I don't listen to what art critics say. I don't know anybody who needs a critic to find out what art is."
[edit] See also
- Andy Warhol
- Bruno Bischofberger
- Rene Ricard
- Neith Nevelson
- TV Party
- No Wave
- Graffiti
- List of famous Puerto Ricans
- List of contemporary artists
[edit] African American art
[edit] External links
- Basquiat.net: Jean-Michel Basquiat
- Brooklyn Museum retrospective of Basquiat, including photographs of the artist and his work.
- Basquiat at Artfacts
- Basquiat at Artchive
- Powers, Nicholas. The Radiant Death, a review of the Brooklyn Museum's Basquiat exhibit
