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Jelling stones

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Jelling Mounds, Runic Stones and Church1
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Jelling stones, with mound in background
State Party Flag of Denmark Denmark
Type Cultural
Criteria iii
Identification #697
Region2 Europe and North America
Inscription History
Formal Inscription: 1994
18th WH Committee Session
WH link: http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/697

1 Name as officially inscribed on the WH List
2 As classified officially by UNESCO

The Jelling stones are massive carved Rune stones from the 10th century, found at the town of Jelling in Denmark.

Jelling stones
Jelling stones

The older of the two Jelling stones was raised by King Gorm the Old in memory of his wife Thyra. King Gorm was the first king of all of Denmark.

The larger of the two stones was raised by King Gorm's son, Harald Bluetooth in memory of his parents. It celebrates his conquest of Denmark and Norway, and his conversion of the Danes to Christianity.

The stones lie in a Jelling churchyard between two large mounds. They represent the transitional period between the indigenous Norse paganism and the process of Christianization in Denmark. The stones are strongly identified with the creation of Denmark as a nation state.

Contents

[edit] Runestone of Gorm

Gorm's runestone, side A
Gorm's runestone, side A

The older and smaller of the runestones reads: "King Gormr made this monument in memory of Thyrvé, his wife, Denmark's salvation." (Rundata, DR 41) The Old Norse inscription in Younger Futhark runes appears as follows:

Gorm's runestone, side B
Gorm's runestone, side B
(side A) ᛬ ᚴᚢᚱᛘᛦ ᛬ ᚴᚢᚾᚢᚴᛦ ᛬
᛬ ᚴ(ᛅᚱ)ᚦᛁ ᛬ ᚴᚢᛒᛚ ᛬ ᚦᚢᛋᛁ ᛬
᛬ ᛅ(ᚠᛏ) ᛬ ᚦᚢᚱᚢᛁ ᛬ ᚴᚢᚾᚢ
(side B) ᛬ ᛋᛁᚾᛅ ᛬ ᛏᛅᚾᛘᛅᚱᚴᛅᛦ ᛬ ᛒᚢᛏ ᛬
(side A) : kurmR : kunukR :
 : k(ar)þi : kubl : þusi :
 : a(ft) : þurui : kunu
(side B) | sina | tanmarkaR | but |
(Jacobsen & Moltke, 1941-42, DR 41)

[edit] Runestone of Harald Bluetooth

Harald's runestone, side A
Harald's runestone, side A

The larger of the two runestones reads: "King Haraldr ordered this monument made in memory of Gormr, his father, and in memory of Thyrvé, his mother; that Haraldr who won for himself all of Denmark and Norway and made the Danes Christian." (Rundata, DR 42)

(side A) ᚼᛅᚱᛅᛚᛏᚱ ᛬ ᚴᚢᚾᚢᚴᛦ ᛬ ᛒᛅᚦ ᛬ ᚴᛅᚢᚱᚢᛅ
ᚴᚢᛒᛚ ᛬ ᚦᛅᚢᛋᛁ ᛬ ᛅᚠᛏ ᛬ ᚴᚢᚱᛘ ᚠᛅᚦᚢᚱ ᛋᛁᚾ
ᛅᚢᚴ ᛅᚠᛏ ᛬ ᚦᚭᚢᚱᚢᛁ ᛬ ᛘᚢᚦᚢᚱ ᛬ ᛋᛁᚾᛅ ᛬ ᛋᛅ
ᚼᛅᚱᛅᛚᛏᚱ (᛬) ᛁᛅᛋ ᛬ ᛋᚭᛦ ᛫ ᚢᛅᚾ ᛫ ᛏᛅᚾᛘᛅᚢᚱᚴ
(side B) ᛅᛚᛅ ᛫ ᛅᚢᚴ ᛫ ᚾᚢᚱᚢᛁᛅᚴ
(side C) ᛫ ᛅᚢᚴ ᛫ ᛏ(ᛅ)ᚾᛁ (᛫ ᚴᛅᚱᚦᛁ ᛫) ᚴᚱᛁᛋᛏᚾᚭ
(side A) haraltr : kunukR : baþ : kaurua
kubl : þausi : aft : kurm faþur sin
auk aft : þąurui : muþur : sina : sa
haraltr (:) ias : sąR * uan * tanmaurk
(side B) ala * auk * nuruiak
(side C) * auk * t(a)ni (* karþi *) kristną
(Jacobsen & Moltke, 1941-42, DR 42)

The stone has a figure of Christ on one side and on another side a serpent wrapped around a lion.

In 1955, a plaster cast of this stone was made for a festival in London. It is now located in the grounds of the Danish Church in London, 4 St Katherines Precinct, Regents Park, London. The copy is painted in bright colours, like the original. All the original paint has since flaked away from the original stone, but enough small specks of paint remained to tell us what the colors looked like when they were freshly painted. A copy is also located in the National Museum of Denmark, and another copy just outside the Jelling museum, which lies within sight of the Jelling mounds.[1]

[edit] Citations

  • Rundata, Joint Nordic database for runic inscriptions.
  • Jacobsen, Lis; Erik Moltke (1941-42). Danmarks runeindskrifter. Copenhagen: Ejnar Munksgaards Forlag. 

[edit] See also

[edit] External links

Coordinates: 55°45′21″N, 9°25′10″E

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