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リスボン地震 - Wikipedia Wikipedia (2007) - wikipedia2007.classicistranieri.com

リスボン地震

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』

リスボン地震（リスボンじしん）はポルトガルのリスボン付近を震源とする地震。1531年と1755年に起きたものが知られている。リスボン大地震と呼ぶ場合は1755年の方を指す場合が多い。

[編集] リスボン大地震

リスボン大地震による火災と津波によって破壊されたリスボンの市街
リスボン大地震による火災と津波によって破壊されたリスボンの市街
リスボン地震の推定震源地（★）
リスボン地震の推定震源地（★）

1755年11月1日午前9時20分に西ヨーロッパで起きた地震。ポルトガルのリスボンを中心に大きな被害を出した。津波による死者8万人を含む死者10万人が出た。現在の研究者による推定ではマグニチュード9に相当し、地震観測史上もっとも大きな地震のひとつとみなされている。

リスボンは地震の後、津波と火災によりほぼ灰燼に帰した。これによりポルトガル経済は打撃を受け、国内の政治的緊張が高まるとともに、ポルトガル経済の海外植民地への依存度をました。また地震の被害は広く18世紀なかばの啓蒙時代にあった西ヨーロッパに思想的な影響をあたえ、啓蒙思想における弁神論と崇高論の展開を強く促した。リスボン大地震によって思想的に大きな変化を蒙った思想家にはヴォルテールがいる（『カンディード』参照）。

当時、ポルトガル王ジョゼ1世の下で宰相の地位にあったポンバル侯爵はリスボンの再建を積極的に推進した。

"http://ja.wikipedia.org../../../%E3%83%AA/%E3%82%B9/%E3%83%9C/%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9C%E3%83%B3%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87.html" より作成
STATIC WIKIPEDIA JUNE 2008 on wikipedia2006.classicistranieri.com

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