Malayalam cinema
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Malayalam cinema, or movies in Malayalam language, forms a significant component of the Cinema of India, both as a form of art and as mass medium. Though not as widely popular as Bollywood, during the past half century, Malayalam cinema has produced some significant works in the field of Indian cinema.
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[edit] History of Malayalam Cinema
[edit] Early Era
The first Malayalam movie was released in 1928. It was a silent film titled Vigathakumaran, produced and directed by a businessman, J. C. Daniel who had no prior film experience. However, this film was a commercial failure. The second film Marthanda Varma, produced in 1933 was based on a novel by C. V. Raman Pillai. But it was never released due to some legal issues.
Balan released in 1938 was the first talkie in Malayalam. Its screenplay and songs were written by Muthukulam Raghavan Pillai and directed by S Nottani. It was produced at Chennai (then Madras) in the neighbouring state of Tamilnadu. Malayalam movies continued to be made almost exclusively by Tamil producers till 1947 when the first major film studio, Udaya was established in Kerala. With this more Keralites entered this field of films.
In 1954, Neelakkuyil captured national interest by winning the President's silver medal. Scripted by the well-known Malayalam novelist Uroob and directed by P. Bhaskaran, it is often considered as the first authentic Malayali film. Another notable production was Newspaper Boy (1955) which had elements of Italian neorealism. Chemmeen (1965), directed by Ramu Kariat and based on a story by Thakazhi Shivashankara Pillai went on to become immensely popular and won the national award. It had music by Salil Chowdhury, songs by Manna Dey and editing by Hrishikesh Mukherjee.The first colour film in malayalam is 'Kandam becha coat'
[edit] 1960s
[edit] Malayalam Parallel films of the 1970s
The 70s saw the emergence of a new wave of cinema in Malayalam. The growth of film society movement in Kerala introduced the works of the French and Italian New Wave directors to the discerning Malayali film enthusiasts. Adoor Gopalakrishnan's first film Swayamvaram (1972) brought Malayalam cinema to the International film arena. In 1973 M. T. Vasudevan Nair who was by then recognized as an important author in Malayalam, directed his first film Nirmalyam, which won the President's Gold Medal for the best film. G. Aravindan followed Adoor's lead with his Uttarayanam in 1974. John Abraham, K. R. Mohanan, K. G. George, and G. S. Panikkar were products of the Pune Film Institute who made significant contributions.
Aravindan was famous in Kerala as a cartoonist before he started making films. He is considered one of the best Indian film directors. His important movies include Kanchana Seeta (1977), Thampu (1978), Kummatty (1979), Chidambaram (1985), Oridathu (1986), and Vasthuhara (1990).
[edit] Malayalam Art Cinema of the early 1980s
Adoor Gopalakrishnan made Elipathayam in 1981. This movie was widely acclaimed and won the British Film Institute award. His other movies include Mukhamukham (1984), Anantharam (1987) Mathilukal (1989), Vidheyan (1994), Kathapurushan (1995), and Nizhalkkuthu (2003). Padmarajan made his early works in this period including the movie Koodevide? (1983)
P. A. Backer and Bharathan are other names worth mentioning.
[edit] 'Golden Age' of Malayalam cinema
Most critics and audiences consider the period from (late 1980s to early 1990s) as the golden age of Malayalam cinema. The Malayalam cinema of this short but beautiful period is a culmination of the malayali ethos and south Indian life. It is characterised by detailed screenplays, excellently directed by master-directors, dealing with everyday life with a lucid narration of plot intermingling with humor and melancholy. This was aided by brilliant cinematography and lighting as in motion pictures like Perumthachan (1990), directed by Ajayan with Santosh Sivan as the cinematographer. While the movies were made expressive with warm background music by composers like Johnson, as in the motion picture Nammukku paarkkaan munthiri thoppukal (1986) directed by Padmarajan.
Many of the movies released during this time narrowed the gap between art cinemas and commercial cinemas in the Malayalam film industry, as in Oru Vadakkan Veeragatha (1989). These were paralleled with movies like Kireedam (1989) directed by Sibi Malayil and written by Lohitadas, Mathilukal directed by Adoor Gopalakrishnan (1989), 'Amaram'(1991) directed by Bharathan,'Kaakothikaavile Apoopan Tahdikal(1988) directed by Kamal and 'Sargam'(1992) directed by Hariharan.
The period had an abundance of movies rich in creative humour from directors like Priyadarshan , Sathyan Anthikkad and Kamal. The era also saw well crafted comedy by the Duo Siddique-Lal, (Ramji Rao speaking (1989)) and In Harihar Nagar (1990). Other notable contributions of this period include His Highness Abdullah (1990) directed by Sibi Malayil, Piravi (1989) by Shaji N. Karun, Abhayam (1991) directed by Sivan, and the motion picture Daisy (1988) an expressive depiction of separation and longing set in a Boarding school, directed by Prathap K Pothan.
[edit] Popular Malayalam cinema through early-mid 1990s
Later movies followed in the essence of the golden period but lacked in freshness. However, they still stand out for their brilliance in storytelling and appeal. These include 'Bharatham' (1991) by Sibi Malayil, Ulladakkam(1991) directed by Kamal, Kaalapaani (1996) by Priyadarshan, and the award winning 'Manichitrathazhu' (1993) by Fazil. 'Sphadikam' (1995) directed by Bhadran was well received by the viewers as was 'Desadanam' (1997) by Jayaraaj. Some works stood out as strong in evocative power reminiscent of the earlier period, like Swaham (1994) directed by Shaji N.Karun the first Malayalam film entry into the Cannes International Film Festival.
[edit] Current Scenario (late 1990s - mid 2000s)
After the early 1990s the quality of Malayalam cinema declined. Partly due to the arrival of satellite digital television and film piracy and partly due to the changing interests of the audience. The movies in current period is largely comedies primarily aiming at large scale entertainment.
These movies include Meesamadhavan (2002) by Lal Jose and Kunjikkoonan directed by Sasi Shankar (2002). However notable exceptions to these were the motion pictures Chinthavishtayaya Shyamala by Srinivasan (1998) and Vanaprastham (1999) directed by Shaji N Karun, Maduranombarakaatu(2000), Meghamalhar(2001), Perumazhakaalam(2004) and Karuthapakshikal(2006) directed by Kamal. The movie Guru, an adaptation of H. G. Wells' novella Country of the Blind, to the contemporary Indian social problem of intolerance, was India's official Oscar nomination for 1993. Also Rajamanikyam the highest-grossing Malayalam movie as of 2005 was released during this period, in 2005.
This is the period where two sequels of previously notable movies came out Mohanlal's Ravanaprabhu the second part of Devasuram and Mammotty's Nerariyan CBI the fourth part of Oru CBI Diarykurippu. Udayananu Tharam, a blockbuster and a trend-setter, was jointly released by Mohanlal and Sreenivasan.
This period witnessed the migration of Malayalam film technicians to participate in other language films. Among them were Priyadarshan, Santosh Sivan, Sabu Cyril, Ravi K. chandran, Sreekar Prasad and others. All these technicians are immensely popular in rest of India for their creativity cinematography and they have worked for many Bollywood and Tamil movies and are believed to have redefined the way scenes are shot.
[edit] Major Actors
- Adoor Bhasi
- Ashokan
- Arun
- Aniyappan
- Balan K. Nair
- Bharath Gopi
- Bahadur
- Cochin Haneefa
- Dileep
- Harishree Ashokan
- Innocent
- Indrans
- Jagathi Sreekumar
- Janardanan
- Jagdesh
- Jaya Soorya
- Jayan
- Jayaram
- Jose prakash
- Jose
- Kadamangalam Ali
- Karamana
- Kalabhavan Mani
- Kottarakkara
- Kuthiravattam pappu
- Lalu alex
- [Lal]]
- M.G. Soman
- Madhu
- Mammootty
- Mala Aravindan
- Manikuttan
- Mamukkoya
- Maniyampilla Raju
- Biju Menon
- Mohanlal
- Mukesh
- Murali
- Narain
- Narendra prasad
- N N Pillai
- Nedumudi Venu
- Oduvil Unnikrishnan
- Prem Kumar
- Prem Nazir
- Prithwiraj
- Raghavan
- Ravikumar
- Raghu
- Ratheesh
- Raveendran
- Rajkumar
- Siddeeq
- Salim Kumar
- Sayikumar
- Sathyan
- Shankar
- Shanavas
- Shankaradi
- Sooraj
- Srinivasan
- Sukumaran
- Sunny KPAC
- Suresh Gopi
- Sudheer
- Thikkurushi
- Thilakan
- Ummer
- Vincent
- Vineeth
[edit] External links
- State Awards
- Malayalam Cinema by Kerala Government Public Relations Department
- Kerala Movies
- Kerala Cinema
- An Extensive Study on Malayalam Cinema
- Malluwood
- New Malayalam cinema releases and Reviews
- Malayalam Cinema, An Ever Vibrant Film Industry, an article by Shruthi S. Namboodiri
- Malayalam Cinema Music Database
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