Metabolic alkalosis

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**Metabolic alkalosis**
*Classification & external resources*

Davenport diagram
ICD-10	E 87.3
ICD-9	276.3
DiseasesDB	402
eMedicine	med/1459

Metabolic alkalosis results from altered metabolism.

Results in decreased hydrogen ion concentration leading to increased bicarbonate and carbon dioxide concentrations.

1 Causes
2 Compensation
3 See also
4 References
5 External links

[edit] Causes

Metabolic alkalosis most commonly occurs when a person vomits profusely, which depletes the body of H⁺ ions leading to an increase of bicarbonate in the body.

If metabolic alkalosis is accompanied by ECF (extracellular fluid) volume contraction (e.g., vomiting), the reabsorption of HCO3^- increases (secondary to ECF volume contraction and with the help of aldosterone in collecting tubule), worsening the metabolic alkalosis (also known as contraction alkalosis.^[1]^[2]). (See also loop diuretics and hyperaldosteronism.)

[edit] Compensation

The body attempts to compensate for the increase in pH by retaining CO2 through hypoventilation (respiratory compensation). CO2 combines with elements in the bloodstream to form carbonic acid, thus decreasing pH.

Renal compensation for metabolic alkalosis consists of increased excretion of HCO3- (Bicarbonate), because the filtered load of HCO3- exceeds the ability of the renal tubule to reabsorb it.

[edit] See also

hypokalemia

[edit] References

[edit] External links

FPnotebook REN7

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v • d • e Metabolic pathology (E70-90)
Amino acid	Phenylketonuria - Alkaptonuria - Ochronosis - Tyrosinemia - Maple syrup urine disease - Propionic acidemia - Methylmalonic acidemia - Isovaleric acidemia - Primary carnitine deficiency - Cystinuria - Cystinosis - Hartnup disease - Homocystinuria - Citrullinemia - Hyperammonemia - Glutaric acidemia type 1
Carbohydrate	Lactose intolerance - Glycogen storage disease (type I, type II, type III, type IV, type V, type VI), Fructose intolerance, Galactosemia
Lipid	Lipid storage disorders Sphingolipidoses: Gangliosidosis - GM2 gangliosidoses (Sandhoff disease, Tay-Sachs disease) - GM1 gangliosidoses - Mucolipidosis type IV - Gaucher's disease - Niemann-Pick disease - Farber disease - Fabry's disease - Metachromatic leukodystrophy - Krabbe disease Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (Batten disease) - Cerebrotendineous xanthomatosis - Cholesteryl ester storage disease (Wolman disease) Hyperlipidemia - Hypercholesterolemia - Familial hypercholesterolemia - Xanthoma - Combined hyperlipidemia - Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency - Tangier disease - Abetalipoproteinemia
Mineral	Cu Wilson's disease/Menkes disease - Fe Haemochromatosis - Zn Acrodermatitis enteropathica - PO₄³⁻ Hypophosphatemia/Hypophosphatasia - Mg²⁺ Hypermagnesemia/Hypomagnesemia - Ca²⁺ Hypercalcaemia/Hypocalcaemia/Disorders of calcium metabolism
Fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance	Electrolyte disturbance - Na⁺ Hypernatremia/Hyponatremia - Acidosis (Metabolic, Respiratory, Lactic) - Alkalosis (Metabolic, Respiratory) - Mixed disorder of acid-base balance - H₂O Dehydration/Hypervolemia - K⁺ Hypokalemia/Hyperkalemia - Cl⁻ Hyperchloremia/Hypochloremia
Porphyrin and bilirubin	Acatalasia - Gilbert's syndrome - Crigler-Najjar syndrome - Dubin-Johnson syndrome - Rotor syndrome - Porphyria (Acute intermittent porphyria, Gunther's disease, Porphyria cutanea tarda, Erythropoietic protoporphyria, Hepatoerythropoietic porphyria, Hereditary coproporphyria, Variegate porphyria)
Glycosaminoglycan	Mucopolysaccharidosis - Hurler syndrome - Hunter syndrome - Sanfilippo syndrome - Morquio syndrome
Glycoprotein	I-cell disease - Pseudo-Hurler polydystrophy - Aspartylglucosaminuria - Fucosidosis - Alpha-mannosidosis - Sialidosis
Other	Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency - Cystic fibrosis - Familial Mediterranean fever - Lesch-Nyhan syndrome