New Zealand general election, 1987
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| 1987 general election major party leaders | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Labour | National | ||
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| David Lange Prime Minister |
Jim Bolger Leader of the Opposition |
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| Parliament | 8 years | Parliament | 12 years |
| Leader since | 1982 | Leader since | 1986 |
| Electorate | Mangere | Electorate | King Country |
The 1987 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to determine the shape of the New Zealand Parliament. The governing New Zealand Labour Party, led by Prime Minister David Lange, was re-elected for a second term, although the Opposition National Party made gains. The election also saw the elimination of the Democratic Party (formerly known as the Social Credit Party) from Parliament, leaving Labour and National as the only parties with representation.
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[edit] Background
Before the election, the Labour Party (in government) held 56 seats, giving it an absolute majority in Parliament. The National Party (in opposition) held 37 seats. The Democrats, a small party devoted to the principles of Social Credit, held two seats.
Of particular importance in the election were the economic reforms being undertaken by Roger Douglas, the Minister of Finance. These reforms, sometimes known as "Rogernomics", involved monetarist approaches to controlling inflation, the sale of state assets, and the removal of tariffs and subsidies. All these things were strongly opposed by many traditional Labour supporters, who saw them as a betrayal of the party's left-wing principles. Many commentators believed that public anger over Rogernomics could cost the government the election.
Another matter of importance, and perhaps one which enabled Labour to survive public dissatisfaction, was the nuclear issue. In the previous parliamentary term, New Zealand had adopted legislation which prevented nuclear weapons or nuclear-powered ships entering New Zealand, a move which provoked an angry reaction from New Zealand's allies in the ANZUS treaty. The National Party intended to revoke the ban, but the New Zealand public were supportive of it. Labour's support for the ban is often considered to be an important factor in the party's re-election.
[edit] The election
The election was held on 15 August. 2,114,656 people were registered to vote. Turnout was 89.1%, somewhat lower than the 1984 election.
[edit] Summary of results
The 1987 election saw the Labour Party win 57 seats in parliament, enough for it to retain its outright majority. Labour held one more seat than after the previous elections. The National Party won 40 seats, an increase of three. It was possible for both parties to increase their number of seats partly due to the disappearance of the Democrats and partly due to the increase in the total number of seats.
Although Labour emerged from the elections with a 17-seat lead over National, the actual difference between each party's vote count was considerably smaller. Labour's share of the total vote was 48.0% (up from 43.0% in 1984), while National's was 44.0% (up from 35.5%). While Labour did retain its lead, the gap between Labour and National closed by a larger extent than the seat count would indicate.
The Democrats, despite winning 5.7% of the total vote, did not win any electorates, including the two which they had held before the election. The Democrats have not regained parliamentary representation under their own name since losing it in these elections, although did manage to enter parliament as part of the larger Alliance.
The New Zealand Party, which had gained 12.2% of the vote in the previous election, performed poorly, gaining less than 0.1% support.
[edit] Detailed results
Displayed on the table are:
- The number of candidates the party put forward.
- The total number of votes received by all the party's candidates.
- The percentage of the whole that these votes make up.
- The number of seats that the party won.
| Party | Candidates | Total votes | Percentage | Seats won |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labour Party | 97 | 878,448 | 48.0% | 57 |
| National Party | 97 | 806,305 | 44.0% | 40 |
| Democratic Party | 97 | 105,091 | 5.7% | - |
| Others | 133 | 41,933 | 2.3% | - |
There were 97 seats being contested, two more than were in the previous parliament. All of these seats (and thus all representation in parliament) were won by one of the two major parties.
The Labour Party, which was in government, won 57 seats, giving it a majority. Most of the seats won by Labour were in urban areas, following the party's typical pattern. Labour was particularly strong in the Wellington region, where it won all ten urban seats. It was also strong in Auckland, Christchurch and Dunedin, the other three urban centres, as well as smaller cities such as Hamilton, New Plymouth, Nelson, Napier, Hastings and Palmerston North. Labour also retained its traditional dominance in the Maori seats, winning all four by large margins.
The National Party, also following its traditional patters, was strongest in rural areas, winning the vast majority of seats in these regions. The party's primary wins in urban areas were in Auckland, with the party taking six seats. The party also won a number of seats in smaller cities, such as Rotorua, Tauranga, Invercargill and Whangarei. The party performed poorly in the Maori electorates, coming third in all four.
While no minor parties managed to win an electorate, several did manage to gain second place, outperforming one of the major parties but being defeated by the other. The Democrats (formerly Social Credit) was the strongest of the minor parties, coming second in five electorates. Two electorates, East Coast Bays and Pakuranga, were held by the Democrats prior to the election, but were narrowly lost to National candidates. In the other electorates (Coromandel, Rangitikei and Wanganui) the Democrats were the challengers. In the four Maori electorates, the Mana Motuhake party gained second place. Its best result, 31.6%, was obtained in Northern Maori. The New Zealand Party also performed strongly in some electorates, although not as strongly as in the previous election.
Independent candidates did not perform well in the 1987 elections, with none of them winning a seat or even placing second.
| MPs Elected in 1987 | Papatoetoe: Ross Robertson |
Titirangi: Ralph Maxwell |
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| Albany: Don McKinnon |
Gisborne: Allan Wallbank |
Maramarua: Bill Birch |
Pencarrow: Sonja Davies |
Tongariro: Noel Scott |
| Ashburton: Jenny Shipley |
Glenfield: Judy Keall |
Marlborough: Doug Kidd |
Porirua: Graham Kelly |
Waikaremoana: Roger McClay |
| Auckland Central: Richard Prebble |
Hamilton East: B Dillon |
Matamata: John Luxton |
Raglan: Simon Upton |
Waikato: Rob Storey |
| Avon: Larry Sutherland |
Hamilton West: Trevor Mallard |
Miramar: P Neilson |
Rangiora: Jim Gerard |
Waipa: Katherine O'Regan |
| Awarua: Jeff Grant |
Hastings: D J Butcher |
Mount Albert: Helen Clark |
Rangitikei: Dennis Marshall |
Wairarapa: Wyatt Creech |
| Bay of Islands: John Carter |
Hawkes Bay: W D Sutton |
Napier: Geoff Braybrooke |
Remuera: Doug Graham |
Waitaki: Jim Sutton |
| Birkenhead: Jenny Kirk |
Heretaunga: Bill Jeffries |
Nelson: Philip Woollaston |
Roskill: Phil Goff |
Waitotara: Venn Young |
| Christchurch Central: Geoffrey Palmer |
Hobson: Ross Meurant |
New Lynn: Jonathan Hunt |
Rotorua: Paul East |
Wallace: D A Angus |
| Christchurch North: Mike Moore |
Horowhenua: Annette King |
New Plymouth: Harry Duynhoven |
St Albans: David Caygill |
Wanganui: Russell Marshall |
| Clevedon: Warren Kyd |
Invercargill: Rob Munro |
North Shore: George Gair |
St Kilda: Michael Cullen |
Wellington Central: Fran Wilde |
| Clutha: Robin Gray |
Island Bay: Elizabeth Tennet |
Ohariu: Peter Dunne |
Selwyn: Ruth Richardson |
West Auckland: Jack Elder |
| Coromandel: Graeme Lee |
Kaimai: R A Anderson |
Onehunga: Fred Gerbic |
Sydenham: Jim Anderton |
West Coast: Thomas Burke |
| Dunedin North: Stan Rodger |
Kaipara: Lockwood Smith |
Otago: Warren Cooper |
Tamaki: Robert Muldoon |
Western Hutt: John Terris |
| Dunedin West: Clive Matthewson |
Kapiti: Margaret Shields |
Otara: Colin Moyle |
Taranaki: Roger Maxwell |
Whangarei: John Banks |
| East Cape: Anne Fraser |
King Country: Jim Bolger |
Pahiatua: James Falloon |
Tarawera: Ian McLean |
Yaldhurst: Margaret Austin |
| East Coast Bays: Murray McCully |
Lyttelton: P A Simpson |
Pakuranga: Maurice Williamson |
Tasman: Ken Shirley |
Eastern Maori: Peter Tapsell |
| Eastern Hutt: T J Young |
Manawatu: D J Robinson |
Palmerston North: Trevor De Cleene |
Tauranga: Winston Peters |
Northern Maori: Bruce Gregory |
| Eden: Richard Northey |
Mangere: David Lange |
Panmure: Bob Tizard |
Te Atatu: Michael Bassett |
Southern Maori: Whetu Tirikatene-Sullivan |
| Fendalton: Philip Burdon |
Manurewa: Roger Douglas |
Papakura: Merv Wellington |
Timaru: Maurice McTigue |
Western Maori: Koro Wetere |
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