Norfolk Southern Railway
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- This article is about the present railroad formed in 1990. For the former railroad, a small part of the new one, see Norfolk Southern Railway (former).
| Norfolk Southern | |
|---|---|
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 NS system map |
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| Reporting marks | NS |
| Locale | Eastern United States, Ontario |
| Dates of operation | December 31, 1990 – present |
| Track gauge | 4 ft 8½ in (1435 mm) (standard gauge) |
| Headquarters | Norfolk, Virginia |
The Norfolk Southern (AAR reporting marks NS), is a major Class I railroad in the United States, owned by the Norfolk Southern Corporation. The company operates 21,500 route miles in 22 eastern states, the District of Columbia and the province of Ontario, Canada. The most common commodity hauled on the railroad is coal from mines in Kentucky, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia and West Virginia. The railroad also offers an extensive intermodal network in eastern North America. The current system was planned in 1982 with the formation of the Norfolk Southern Corporation, merged on December 31, 1990 with the lease of the Norfolk and Western Railway by the renamed Southern Railway, and augmented in 1998 with the acquisition of over half of Conrail.
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[edit] History of the railroad
Norfolk Southern was created from predecessor railroads which date back to the early portion of the 19th century. Prior to current times, the three main branches of the current corporate family tree were for many years themselves systems: Norfolk and Western, formed in 1881, Southern Railway System in 1894, and Conrail, formed much later, in 1976. Each of these grew from many smaller local and regional lines as the industry grew.
[edit] Southern Railway
The South Carolina Canal and Rail Road, the earliest predecessor line, was chartered in December 1827 and ran the nation's first regularly scheduled passenger train on December 25, 1830. The Richmond and Danville Railroad (R&D), formed in 1847, which expanded into a large system after the American Civil War under the leadership of Algernon S. Buford.
When the R&D fell on hard times financially in the early 1890s, it became a major portion of the newly created Southern Railway in 1894. Financier J.P. Morgan selected veteran railroader Samuel Spencer as President to head the firm, which became well-known as both profitable and innovative. Southern Railway was the first major U.S. railroad to completely switch to more efficient diesel-electric locomotives from steam in 1953.
[edit] Norfolk and Western
The City Point Railroad was a nine-mile railroad just south of Richmond, Virginia established in 1838 which ran from City Point (now part of the independent City of Hopewell) on the navigable portion of the James River to Petersburg, Virginia. It was acquired by the South Side Railroad in 1854. After the War, it became part of the Atlantic, Mississippi and Ohio Railroad (A,M&O), a trunk line across Virginia's southern tier formed by mergers in 1870 by William Mahone, who had been builder of the Norfolk and Petersburg Railroad in the 1850s. The A,M&O was the oldest portion of the Norfolk and Western (N&W) when it was formed in 1881, under new owners with a keen interest and financial investments in the coal fields of Western Virginia and West Virginia, a product which came to define and enrich the railroad.
In the second half of the 20th century, the profitable N&W had already acquired the Virginian Railway, the Wabash Railway, and the Nickel Plate Road, among others, before it combined with the also profitable Southern Railway to form the new Norfolk Southern.
[edit] 1982 merger
NS was created in 1982 from the merger of the Norfolk and Western Railway and the Southern Railway Company, both profitable companies. An earlier company, also named the Norfolk Southern Railway, serving primarily North Carolina and the southeastern tip of Virginia, had been acquired by the Southern Railway in 1974. The older company was the namesake for the 1982 combination. Headquarters for the newly established Norfolk Southern were established in Norfolk, Virginia.
The 1982 combination of the profitable Norfolk and Western Railway and Southern Railway was done to compete in the eastern United States with the Chessie System-Seaboard Coast Line merger which had been approved by the Interstate Commerce Commission in 1980, resulting in formation of CSX Transportation.
[edit] Conrail
Consolidated Rail Corporation (Conrail) was an 11,000-mile (18000 km) system which had been created in 1976 by bringing together several ailing northeastern railway systems into a government-owned corporation. Conrail had become profitable after the Staggers Act in 1980 largely deregulated the U.S. railroad industry.
On June 23, 1997, Norfolk Southern and CSX Transportation filed a joint application with the Surface Transportation Board (STB) for authority to purchase, divide and operate the assets of Conrail. On June 6, 1998, the STB approved the Norfolk Southern-CSX application and set August 22, 1998, as the effective date of its decision.
Norfolk Southern acquired 58% of Conrail’s assets (CSX got the remaining 42%). As a result of the transaction, Norfolk Southern's rail operations grew to include some 7,200 miles (11500 km) of the Conrail system (predominantly the former Pennsylvania Railroad). Norfolk Southern began operating its trains on its portion of the Conrail network on June 1, 1999.
[edit] Company executives
Presidents of Norfolk Southern have included:
- Robert B. Claytor 1982-1993
- Arnold B. McKinnon
- David R. Goode
- Charles "Wick" Moorman 2004-present
[edit] Major businesses
The railroad is a large exporter of West Virginia bituminous coal, transported on portions of the well-engineered former Virginian Railway and the famous former Norfolk and Western's double-tracked line in Eastern Virginia to its Lambert's Point coal transload facility on Hampton Roads at Norfolk, Virginia. Coal transported by NS is thus exported to steel mills and power plants around the world. The company is also a major transporter of auto parts and completed vehicles. It operates intermodal container and TOFC (trailer on flat car) trains, some in conjunction with other railroads. Norfolk Southern was the first railway to employ roadrailers, which are highway truck trailers with interchangeable wheel sets.
According to Norfolk Southern’s 2003 Annual Report to Investors, at the end of 2003, the Norfolk Southern Railway had more than 28,160 employees, 3,468 locomotives, and 101,095 freight cars.
At the end of 2003, the transport of coal, coke and iron ore made up 23% of the total amount of traffic hauled by Norfolk Southern. Intermodal containers made up 19% of the total; autoracks 14%; chemical tankers 12%; metals, construction materials, agriculture commodities, and consumer products 11%; paper, clay, and forest products 10%.
[edit] Track network and facilities
Largely an eastern United States railway, the Norfolk Southern directly owns and operates 21,500 miles of track in 21 states: Alabama, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. In addition, Norfolk Southern owns track in Washington D.C. and the Canadian province of Ontario. It operates three primary hubs in its system, in Harrisburg, Chicago and Atlanta.
Furthermore, Norfolk Southern has rights to operate its trains with its own crews on competing railroads' tracks. These trackage rights permit Norfolk Southern to operate as far west as Dallas, Texas, as far north as Waterville, Maine, and as far south as Miami, Florida. NS locomotives also occasionally operate on competitors' tracks throughout the United States and Canada due to the practice of locomotive leasing and sharing undertaken by the Class I railroads.
Not including second, third and fourth main line trackage, yard trackage, and siding trackage, the Norfolk Southern directly operates some 21,500 miles (34,601 kilometers) of track. When the additional tracks are counted, however, the amount of track the Norfolk Southern Railway has direct control over rises to over 38,000 miles (61,155 kilometers).
The company has 26 major rail classification yards, located in:
Six major locomotive shops are located in:
[edit] Chicago To Fort Wayne
This is probably the easiest route for NS trains to take from Chicago to Fort Wayne or vice versa. This route has many passing sidings which allow trains coming from one direction to stop while another train passes. The longest passing siding on this section of the railroad is located in Hobart, Indiana.[citation needed]
[edit] Chicago Bypass
[edit] Locomotives
Norfolk Southern is currently still buying DC traction diesel locomotives. In fact the only AC traction diesels on their roster are EMD SD80MACs which all were inherited from Conrail.
Norfolk Southern's GE Dash-9 locomotives are often called "catfish" by railfans, as the stripes are said to look like catfish whiskers. The locomotive numbered 4610, a GM-EMD GP59, is painted in predecessor Southern Railway colors of green and white with gold trim and is a favorite of railfans. The work was done at the Debutts Yard in Chattanooga, Tennessee during the summer of 1994 and the locomotive received a repaint in the summer of 2004. Sadly. the builders plates on this unit were stolen within a year of its original commemorative painting. Virginian Railway (VGN) enthusiasts are hoping that Norfolk Southern will paint another commemorative locomotive in VGN colors and livery for the upcoming centennial of that NS predecessor which will occur in 2007.
The current paint scheme for NS is black and white. Many of the locomotives are painted with a rearing horse on the nose (consistent with prior marketing campaigns where NS billed itself as "The Thoroughbred"). Some employees refer to this in jest, saying that NS stands for "Neutered Stallion."[citation needed]
In 2005, Norfolk Southern added two new types of locomotives to the system the EMD SD70M-2s, which when all are delivered, will be numbered 2649-2778, and GE ES40DCs, which will be numbered 7500-7664.
[edit] Reporting Marks
Railroads use initials as reporting marks, a universal system intended to help keep track of rolling stock and financial transactions between railroads. Although it has been widely known as simply Norfolk Southern since 1982, the corporate structure and reporting marks are more complicated. In 1990, Southern Railway Company was renamed Norfolk Southern Railway Co. Its Norfolk and Western Railway company was merged into the Norfolk Southern Railway in 1997. In 1999, when most of Conrail's ex-Pennsylvania Railroad trackage was sold to the Norfolk Southern Railway, the Pennsylvania Railway Lines was created, and PRR reporting marks used on the former Conrail motive power and rolling stock.
[edit] List of reporting marks
- AGS - Alabama Great Southern Railroad
- CG sometimes CoG[citation needed] - Central of Georgia Railway
- CNTP - Cincinnati, New Orleans and Texas Pacific Railway (CNO&TP)
- GANO - Georgia Northern Railway
- NKP - Nickel Plate Road
- PRR - Pennsylvania Railroad
- NS - Norfolk Southern
- NW - Norfolk and Western Railway
- SOU - Southern Railway
- TAG - Tennessee, Alabama and Georgia Railway
- VGN - Virginian Railway
- WAB - Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific Railroad
[edit] Awards and recognition
As of May, 2006, Norfolk Southern has been selected as the Group A Gold Harriman Award recipient for a record 17 consecutive years beginning in 1989.[1] The Harriman Award is intended to recognize railroads with outstanding safety achievements.
[edit] Trivia
- The Southern Railway in 1953 was the first Class 1 U.S. Freight Railroad to completely convert to diesel-electric motive power. (Excepting later steam-powered excursions). On June 17, the last steam-powered freight run arrives in Chattanooga, Tennessee behind Heavy Mikado No. 6330 and the fires are dropped for the final time since Christmas Day, 1830, when the "Best Friend of Charleston" made its first run on the South Carolina Canal & Railroad Company.
- The Norfolk and Western Railway in 1960 was the last Class 1 U.S. Freight Railroad to discontinue steam motive power operations. (Also excepting later steam-powered excursions)
- CONRAIL in 1981 was the last Class 1 U.S. Freight Railroad to discontinue motive power using electric locomotives powered by overhead wires.
[edit] See also
- List of Norfolk Southern predecessor railroads
- List of United States railroads
- List of Florida railroads
- List of Georgia railroads
- List of Iowa railroads
- History of railroads in Michigan
- List of Mississippi railroads
- List of New Jersey railroads
- List of Washington, DC railroads
- Pope Lick Monster
[edit] References
- ^ Association of American Railroads (reprinted by Norfolk Southern Railroad) (2006-05-16). Railroads Set Another Employee Safety Record in 2005. Retrieved on 2006-05-24.
[edit] External links
- Official Norfolk Southern company website, including a system map
- Norfolk Southern Company Store
- Norfolk Southern News
- Norfolk Southern Photo Archive
- Norfolk Southern Locomotives
[edit] History
- Norfolk & Western Historical Society covers Norfolk & Western and Virginian Railway history
- Norfolk & Southern Historical Society covers original railway from Norfolk, VA to Charlotte, NC
- Southern Railway Historical Association covers Southern Railway history
- Virginia Museum of Transportation displays famous N & W steam locomotives, located in Roanoke, VA
- Preserving the Virginian Railway Passenger Station at Roanoke Virginia a community project with photos requiring pdf file viewer
[edit] Data
| Current (operating) Class I railroads of North America |
|---|
| United States: AMTK, BNSF, CSXT, GTW, KCS, NS, SOO, UP - Canada: CN, CP, VIA - Mexico: FXE, TFM, KCSM See also: List of USA/Canada/Mexico Class I Railroads, List of USA/Canadian Class II Railroads, Class III railroad, Class 2 Railroads in Canada, Short-line railroad, List of United States railroads, List of Canadian railroads, list of Mexican railroads |
Categories: Incomplete lists | Articles with unsourced statements since February 2007 | All articles with unsourced statements | Companies based in Virginia | Illinois railroads | Missouri railroads | Norfolk Southern Railway | Transportation in St. Louis | Virginia railroads | West Virginia railroads | 1990 establishments | E.H. Harriman Award recipients
