President of the European Commission
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The President of the European Commission is notionally the highest ranking unelected official within the European Union bureaucracy. In recent years, Commission presidents have increasingly been former heads of government of EU member states.
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[edit] Selection
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The President of the Commission is selected by qualified majority vote among members of the European Council and must subsequently be approved by the European Parliament, along with the remainder of the Commission. Thereafter, the President is accountable to Parliament, who may dismiss the Commission with a vote of no confidence.
As the head of the European Commission, effectively the executive branch of the European Union, it is sometimes argued that it would be appropriate for the President to be elected by the European Parliament, or directly elected by citizens, rather than being chosen by national governments. However, no such change is envisaged. Under the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe, agreed but not yet ratified by all member states, the Council will be obliged to take into account the results of the most recent elections to the European Parliament when nominating the President of the Commission. Furthermore, under the constitution future candidates for the President of the Commission will be put forward by the European Council and approved by the European Parliament, who will have the final say. This differs from the present procedure in that Parliament will acquire the power to reject the President-designate specifically, rather than simply rejecting the entire Commission.
[edit] Duties and responsibilities
The duties and responsibilities of the President are regulated by Article 217 of the EC Treaty according to which "The Commission shall work under the political guidance of its President, who shall decide on its internal organisation in order to ensure that it acts consistently, efficiently and on the basis of collegiality". Specifically, the article confers on the President the responsibility to allocate responsibilities to the Commissioners and the power to reshuffle those responsibilities, in effect, to decide on the internal organisation of the Commission.
[edit] List of office-holders
| number | president | commission | assumed office | left office | nominating member state | party affiliation |
| 1 | Walter Hallstein | Hallstein Commission | 1958 | 1967 | Germany | CDU |
| 2 | Jean Rey | Rey Commission | 1967 | 1970 | Belgium | PRL |
| 3 | Franco Maria Malfatti | Malfatti Commission | 1970 | 1972 | Italy | DC |
| 4 | Sicco L. Mansholt | Mansholt Commission | 1972 | 1973 | Netherlands | PvdA |
| 5 | François-Xavier Ortoli | Ortoli Commission | 1973 | 1977 | France | RPR |
| 6 | Roy Jenkins | Jenkins Commission | 1977 | 1981 | United Kingdom | Lab |
| 7 | Gaston Edmont Thorn | Thorn Commission | 12 January 1981 | 1985 | Luxembourg | DP |
| 8 | Jacques Delors | Delors Commission | 1985 | 1995 | France | PS |
| 9 | Jacques Santer | Santer Commission | 1995 | 15 March 1999 | Luxembourg | CSV |
| Manuel Marín | Interim | March 1999 | September 1999 | Spain | PSOE | |
| 10 | Romano Prodi | Prodi Commission | September 1999 | 18 November 2004 | Italy | Dem |
| 11 | José Manuel Durão Barroso | Barroso Commission | 22 November 2004 | (Present office-holder) | Portugal | PSD |
The colour of the row indicates the approximate political leaning of the office holder using the following scheme:
| left leaning / socialist |
| right leaning / conservative |
| liberal |
[edit] Presidents per Country
| Number | Country | Presidents | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Germany |
1 (one) | none |
| 2 |  Belgium |
1 (one) | none |
| 3 |  Italy |
2 (two) | none |
| 4 |  Netherlands |
1 (one) | none |
| 5 |  France |
2 (two) | none |
| 6 |  United Kingdom |
1 (one) | none |
| 7 |  Luxembourg |
2 (two) | none |
| 8 |  Spain |
1 (one) | none |
| 9 |  Portugal |
1 (one) | none |
[edit] Commission Vice-President
The Vice President of the European Commission is a position given to a Commissioner in addition to their usual portfolio. There are usually a number of them, selected by the President though they have little extra power. There are currently 5 Vice Presidents;
- Margot Wallström (First Vice President): Institutional Relations & Communication Strategy
- Günter Verheugen: Enterprise & Industry
- Franco Frattini: Justice, Freedom, & Security
- Jacques Barrot: Transport
- Siim Kallas: Administrative Affairs, Audit, & Anti-Fraud
[edit] Historical Vice Presidents
- Prodi Commission: Neil Kinnock (Administrative Reform) and Loyola de Palacio (Parliament, Transport & Energy).
- Hallstein Commission: Sicco Mansholt (Agriculture), Robert Marjolin (Economics & Finance) and Piero Malvestiti (Internal Market).
- See List of European Commissioners by nationality and search for Vice President.
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- European Commission (official website)
- Terms of office
- Organisation of the European Commission European NAvigator
| Presidents of the European Commission |  |
|---|---|
| Walter Hallstein, Jean Rey, Franco Maria Malfatti, Sicco Mansholt, François-Xavier Ortoli, Roy Jenkins, Gaston Thorn, Jacques Delors, Jacques Santer, Manuel Marín (interim), Romano Prodi, Durão Barroso |
Administrative Affairs, Audit and Anti-Fraud, Enterprise & Industry - Institutional Relations & Communication Strategy - Justice, Freedom & Security - Transport
Agriculture & Rural Development - Competition - Consumer Protection - Development & Humanitarian Aid - Economic & Financial Affairs - Education, Training & Culture - Employment, Social Affairs & Equal Opportunities - Energy - Enlargement - Environment - External Relations & European Neighbourhood Policy - Fisheries & Maritime Affairs - Health - Information Society & Media - Internal Market & Services - Financial Programming & the Budget - Multilingualism - Regional Policy - Taxation & Customs Union - Trade - Science & Research
President of the European Commission - List of European Commissioners by nationality - Directorate-General
