Reddish
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Reddish | |
|
  Reddish shown within Greater Manchester |
|
| Population | 30,055 (2001 Census) |
|---|---|
| OS grid reference | |
| Metropolitan borough | Stockport |
| Metropolitan county | Greater Manchester |
| Region | North West |
| Constituent country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | STOCKPORT |
| Postcode district | SK5 |
| Police | Greater Manchester |
| Fire | Greater Manchester |
| Ambulance | North West |
| UK Parliament | Denton and Reddish |
| European Parliament | North West England |
| List of places: UK • England • Greater Manchester | |
Reddish is an area of Stockport, in Greater Manchester, England. The population is 30,055 in an area of 7.08 square kilometres (2.73 mi²).[1]
Reddish grew and developed rapidly during the Industrial Revolution and still retains landmarks from that period, such as Houldsworth Mill. Today Reddish is a predominantly residential area, seeing a renewed period of growth and development as residents from nearby affluent areas such as Heaton Moor and Bramhall look to Reddish as a way of affording housing.[citation needed]
Reddish Vale is a country park close to the locality and home to local businesses such as Reddish Vale Tea Room and the Parndon racing Greyhound kennels.
Contents |
[edit] Geography and administration
Reddish borders Heaton Chapel and Brinnington of Stockport, Denton of Tameside, and Gorton and Levenshulme of the City of Manchester.
Historically part of Lancashire,[2] in 1901 it was absorbed into the expanding County Borough of Stockport.[3] The separate civil parish was merged into Stockport parish in 1935.[4] In 1974 Stockport and serveral adjacient territories became a unified metropolitan borough in the newly-created metropolitan county of Greater Manchester.
[edit] History
[edit] Etymology
Reddish is recorded as Redich (1205, 1212), Redych, Radich (1226), Radish, Rediche (1262), Redditch (1381), Redwyche, Radishe and Reddishe (1500s).[5][6] The name either means "reedy ditch" (OE hrēod-dīc) or "red ditch" (OE rēad-dīc). Ekwall (1922) allows either form, stating "red" is less probable; Mills (1991) and Arrowsmith (1997) only give the "reed" option.[7][8][9] The ditch referred to is possibly the Nico Ditch,[8] an earthwork of uncertain origin bordering Reddish, Manchester and Denton.[10] Folklore has it that the names Gorton and Reddish arose from a battle between Saxons and Danes.[6][11] John Higson wrote in 1852[11]
-
- The neigh’ring trench is called the Nicker Ditch
Flowing with blood, it did the name convey
To th’ bordering hamlet, Red-Ditch. Near here, Where
the last ‘tween the foes was fought,
Where victory was won, that memorable
Eminence proudly was distinguished
By the name of Winning Hill. The streamlet
Aforemention’d gains appellation
Of Gore Brook, also the contiguous
Happy hamlet through which it floweth still
Bears, in glorious commemoration,
And e’er shall, the honour’d name of Gore Town.
- The neigh’ring trench is called the Nicker Ditch
Farrer and Brownbill dismiss this interpretation as "popular fancy".[12]
[edit] Pre-Norman Conquest
Reddish is not rich in history. The Nico (or Nicker) Ditch which skirts the north end of the area forming part of the border with the City of Manchester, is pre-Norman and visible in places. Six coins from the reigns of the Anglo-Saxon English Kings Edmund (reigned 939-946) and Eadred (reigned 946-955) were found during ploughing at Reddish Green in 1789.
There is contrasting source material about the significance of this; Arrowsmith takes this as evidence for existence of a settlement at that time, but Morris states the find could be "an isolated incident".[8][13]
[edit] 1066 to late 18th century
Reddish does not appear in the Domesday survey; this is in common with most of the then southeast Lancashire area.[14] A corn mill is known to have existed at the junction of Denton Brook and the River Tame from about 1400 onwards.[15] The two main mediaeval houses were Reddish Hall at grid reference SJ899932 (demolished 1780,[5] but visible on maps dated 1840) and Hulme Hall at grid reference SJ889926, later known as Broadstone, then Broadstone Hall (demolished 1945[16]). The Reddish family were major landowners in the area from at least 1212 to 1613 when title passed by marriage to the Coke family. It passed down the family to Thomas Coke, 1st Earl of Leicester who sold his land in Reddish at the end of the 18th century, and in 1808 it was bought by Robert Hyde Greg and John Greg.[5] There were Hulmes in Reddish in the 13th century, and the land passed through the family until about 1700 when it was given to a charitable trust.[5]
[edit] Industrial Revolution
The Stockport Branch Canal passed through Reddish and opened in 1797.[17] It seems to have had little effect by 1825, when Corry's description of Reddish, in full, was "The population of Reddish is but thin".[18] Booker states that in 1857 Reddish was almost entirely agricultural, being made of meadow and pasture (1320 acres); arable land (90 acres); wood and water (50 acres); and buildings and streets (44 acres). At that time, Reddish contained "neither post-office, schoolmaster, lawyer, doctor, nor pawnshop".[19] The population increased over tenfold in the next fifty years with the Industrial Revolution.
The water-powered calico printworks in Reddish Vale on the River Tame is known to have been working before 1800. Industrial development followed the line of the canal[20] and was steam-powered throughout. A variety of manufacturers moved into Reddish during this period.
Robert Hyde Greg and John Greg, sons of Samuel Greg of Quarry Bank Mill, who owned about a third of Reddish by 1857,[21] opened Albert Mills for cotton spinning in 1845. Moor Mill, manufacturing knitting machines, was built around the same time. William Houldsworth’s Reddish Mill for cotton spinning was opened in 1864. Hanover Mill was built in 1865 for cotton spinning, but in 1889 was converted to make silk, velvet, woven fur etc.
The Reddish Spinning Company, partly owned by Houldsworth, opened in 1870. Furnival’s steelworks, making printing presses, opened in 1877. Andrew’s Gas Engine works opened in 1878. The Manchester Guardian’s printworks opened in 1899. Craven Bothers’ engineering works, making cranes, opened in 1900. Broadstone Spinning Company opened a large double mill in 1906/7. These major employers were accompanied by numerous smaller concerns, including dyeworks, bleachworks, wire ropeworks, brickworks, screw manufacturers, makers of surveying equipment, and a tobacco factory.[22]
[edit] Brewing, pubs and clubs
Reddish has been home to at least three breweries. Richard Clarke & Co brewed in the area for over 100 years, before being taken over, and later closed, by Boddingtons in 1962.[23][24] David Pollard's eponymous brewery opened in the former print works in Reddish Vale in 1975, moving out to Bredbury in 1978; the business went into liquidation in 1982.[25] The small 3 Rivers Brewery has been brewing in Reddish since August 2003.[26]
The pub stock is not well-regarded: "Never offering the best selection of pubs in the borough, it is now easily the worst area for real ale availability ..." [27] is a typical description. It has been suggested that this may be a consequence of Robert Hyde Greg's disapproval of alcohol,[28] (due to the alcoholism of an uncle of his father, see also Samuel Greg). Of the nine pubs in Reddish,[25][27] two are currently closed and boarded up.
The pubs are supplemented by several working men's and political clubs. The Houldsworth WMC was awarded a blue plaque by Stockport MBC in December 2006.[29] Reddish WMC was founded by in 1845 by millowner Robert Hyde Greg as a Mechanics Institute and Library. It is claimed to be the oldest club registered with the CIU.[30]
[edit] Demographics
| year | population |
|---|---|
| 1774 | 302 |
| 1811 | 456 |
| 1821 | 574 |
| 1831 | 860 |
| 1841 | 1188 |
| 1851 | 1218 |
| 1861 | 1363 |
| 1901 | 8668 |
| 1911 | 14252 |
The most recent data is from the United Kingdom Census 2001. The census data below is based on the North Reddish and South Reddish wards. The modern South Reddish ward contains a small area that was traditionally part of Heaton Chapel and Heaton Norris, and some of Reddish has been transferred to Heaton Chapel.[citation needed]
White British is the predominant ethnicity. For the North Reddish ward, just under 97% of the population of 16120 were identified as white (including Irish and other white), 1.48% as mixed-race, 0.73% as black, 0.6% as Chinese, and 0.43% as Asian. For the South Reddish ward, just under 96% of the population of 13935 were identified as White, 1.28% as mixed race, 1.28% as Asian, 0.86% as Black, and 0.84% as Chinese.
The housing stock remains mainly terraced and semi-detached. For the North Reddish ward, the 6914 housing units were divided into 8% detached house, 46% semi-detached, 36% terraced, and 10% flats. For the South Reddish ward, the 6598 housing units were divided into 5% detached house, 29% semi-detached, 44% terraced, and 22% flats. There are no tower blocks in Reddish,[33] unlike several neighbouring areas.
Some housing built by factory owners for their employees remains. Greg Street, Birkdale Street, and Broadstone Hall Road South have mid-nineteenth century terraces built by the Gregs for the workers at their (demolished) Victoria and Albert Mills.[34] Furnival Street was built in 1886 to house workers at the (demolished) Furnival’s ironworks [35] The largest collection is that built by Houldsworth near to his Reddish Mill, even though only Liverpool Street and Houldsworth Street remain after clearance in about 1974[36]. The houses on Houldsworth Street, directly facing the mill, are grander, and would have been for the higher placed workers.[37]
Hartwell dates a small group of farm buildings and cottages at Shores Fold, near the junction of Nelstrop Road and Marbury Road, to the sixteenth and late seventeenth to early eighteenth century. These would have been on the traditional Reddish – Heaton Norris border, but are now firmly inside Heaton Chapel.[38]
[edit] Present day
The area is home to many tertiary services. Houldsworth square (named after local Victorian era mill-owner, William Houldsworth) has many shops and banks, serving the local population. There are also many well-performing schools such as Reddish Vale Technology College in South Reddish, which in 2006 became the only school in Greater Manchester to be announced by the Government as a 'Trust Pathfinder' school. It is served by two railway stations Reddish North and Reddish South, the latter being used mainly for freight services, apart from the once-a-week "Parliamentary train" to Stalybridge.
Reddish is a densely populated area and is close to some of the richest parts of the country (such as Alderley Edge in Cheshire). However, in common with many urban areas of the United Kingdom Reddish suffers from a certain degree of crime-related activity. Despite this, Reddish continues to be an attraction to many people in the Greater Manchester area to work, live and relax.
[edit] Affluence
There are several measures of overall wealth and poverty. The Human Poverty Index calculates a value based on longevity, literacy, unemployment, and income. High values indicate increasing poverty. The parliamentary constituency scores 14.4, close to the UK average of 14.8. This compares well with neighbours Manchester Gorton (20.5) and Stockport (14.2), but poorly with the other Stockport constituencies of Hazel Grove (10.9) and Cheadle, placed third best in the UK with a value of 7.9.[39]
On a narrower level, the estimated household weekly income for the period April 01 to March 02 for North & South Reddish wards was £440 and £400 respectively. In comparison with nearby wards, this is higher than Gorton North, Gorton South and Brinnington (at £350, £330, and £340), slightly lower than Denton West (£480), and significantly lower than Heaton Moor and Heaton Mersey (£590).[40] The averages for the North-West region and the UK were £489 and £554 respectively (2001-2004).[41]
[edit] Retail
The shopping area around Houldsworth Square contains about eighty small shops[42] and has been chosen as one of eight areas to benefit from the Agora Project[43][44] an EU-funded project to reverse the decline in local shopping areas.
Stockport MBC describes Reddish as one of the eight major district centres in the borough that offer "local history, modern convenient facilities and traditional high street retailing". The other seven are Bramhall, Cheadle, Cheadle Hulme, Edgeley, Hazel Grove, Marple, and Romiley.[45]
[edit] Transport
The B6167 is the main road through Reddish. It allows access to the A57 for Manchester or the M60/M67 junction at the north, and to Stockport and the M60 to the south. It was designated a Quality Bus Coridor in 2004[46] and a number of modifications made. As of 2006, any improvements have not been quantified. The main bus route runs from Stockport via Reddish and Gorton to Manchester. Less-frequent services run to Ashton via Gorton & Droylsden, Ashton via Denton, Manchester via Didsbury and Rusholme, Hazel Grove, and Wythenshawe.[47] Trains from Reddish North station run to Manchester Piccadilly and New Mills, with some trains continuing to Sheffield. Reddish South station does not provide a significant service. A few dedicated cycle routes cross the area.
[edit] Politics
Reddish is located in the parliamentary constituency of Denton and Reddish. Andrew Gwynne (Labour) has represented the seat since the 2005 General Election, and the seat has been in Labour hands since its creation. The seat rose briefly to national prominence in April 2006, when Joan Howarth, a Conservative candidate in local elections, suggested that a black or Asian Conservative parliamentary candidate "wouldn't work", because of the "traditional working class" electorate.[48][49] David Cameron, the leader of the Conservative Party, disowned the comments, saying that the candidate was in "the wrong party".[48][49] At the 2005 general election, Gwynne attracted 57.4% of the votes cast, and the second-placed candidate 19.3%.[50]
North and South Reddish each return three councillors to Stockport Metropolitan Borough Council. At April 2006 these were Anne Graham, David Owen, and Peter Scott(Reddish North); Joan Kidd, Walter Brett, and Thomas Grundy(Reddish South). All six belong to the Labour Party.
[edit] Religion
Reddish falls in the Diocese of Manchester for the Church of England, and the Diocese of Salford for the Roman Catholic Church.
- St Agnes, Gorton Road;[51][52] (Church of England). 1908, brick, some good glass.[53]
- Bethel Christian Centre/Reddish Community Church/Bethel Apostolic Church, Sykes Street; (Apostolic Church).
- Christ Church, Lillian Grove;[54] (Methodist/United Reformed Church).
- St Elisabeth, Lawrence Road;[55][56] (Anglo-Catholic - Church of England); 1883 Victorian Gothic building by Alfred Waterhouse. Paid for by Houldsworth
- Holy Family, Thornley Lane North;[57] (Roman Catholic).
- St Joseph, Gorton Road[58] (Roman Catholic).
- St Mary, Reddish Road;[59] (Church of England). Reddish's first church, built 1862-4[32][60] at a cost of £2500 in the "decorated English style".[32] The parish was carved from Heaton Norris, and is still known as Heaton Reddish.
- Reddish Christian Fellowship, Broadstone Road;[61]; sited in an end-of-terrace house.
- Stockport Seventh-day Adventist Church, Coronation Street;[62] (Seventh-day Adventist Church); modern building.
[edit] References
[edit] Bibliography
- Arrowsmith, Peter (1997). Stockport: a History. Stockport: Stockport Metropolitan Borough Council. ISBN 0-905164-99-7.
- Ashmore, Owen (1975). The Industrial Archaeology of Stockport. Manchester: University of Manchester. ISBN 0-902637-17-7.
- Booker, John (1857). A history of the ancient chapels of Didsbury and Chorlton. Chetham.
- Cronin, Jill (2000). Images of England: Reddish. Stroud: Tempus Publishing. ISBN 0-7524-1878-5.
- Downham, W A [1922]. "Chapter XIII", in Astle, William (ed.): Stockport Advertiser Centenary History of Stockport. Stockport: The Stockport Advertiser.
- Farrer, William; Brownbill, John [1911] (2003-2006). The Victoria history of the county of Lancaster. - Lancashire. Vol.4. University of London & History of Parliament Trust.
- Hartwell, Clare; Matthew Hyde, Nikolaus Pevsner (2004). Lancashire: Manchester and the South-East. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-10583-5.
[edit] Notes
- ^ Figures taken from the North Reddish and South Reddish 2001 England & Wales Census, neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk. URLs accessed March 14, 2007.
- ^ Youngs, F (1991). Local Administrative Units: Northern England. London: Royal Historical Society, 689. Cited at Reddish UD Lancashire through time. A Vision of Britain through Time. Great Britain Historical GIS Project. Retrieved on October 5, 2006.
- ^ Youngs, F (1991). Local Administrative Units: Northern England. London: Royal Historical Society, 196. Cited at Reddish Tn/CP Lancashire through time. A Vision of Britain through Time. Great Britain Historical GIS Project. Retrieved on October 5, 2006.
- ^ The County of Chester Review Order, 1936; 1 April 1935 The Stockport Extension Act, 1934. Cited at Reddish Tn/CP Lancashire through time. A Vision of Britain through Time. Great Britain Historical GIS Project. Retrieved on October 5, 2006.
- ^ a b c d Farrer and Brownbill.
- ^ a b Booker, p197.
- ^ Ekwall, E (1922). The place-names of Lancashire. Manchester: Chethams (NS 81).
- ^ a b c Arrowsmith, p23.
- ^ Mills, A D (1997). Dictionary of English Place-Names (2nd ed). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-280074-4.
- ^ Hartwell et al, p197.
- ^ a b Higson, John; Jeff Goldthorpe (January 2004). The battle of Gorton. Gorton News. Retrieved on April 20, 2006.
- ^ Farrer and Brownbill, pp 275-279, footnote 1. "Out of Gore-ton and Red-ditch, with the help of the intervening Nico Ditch, popular fancy has made the story of a great battle in the neighbourhood; Harland and Wilkinson, Traditions of Lancs. 26"
- ^ in Morris, Mike: Medieval Manchester; A Regional Study. The Archaeology of Greater Manchester volume 1. Manchester: Greater Manchester Archaeological Unit, pp 13-15. ISBN 0-946126-02-X. “… foolhardy to attempt any historical interpretation of the pre-tenth century evidence. (it) could represent an isolated incident.”
- ^ Hartwell et al, p18.
- ^ Downham, p142.
- ^ Cronin.
- ^ Cited in many places, eg Downham p.144.
- ^ Corry, John [1825] (2006). The history of Lancashire, Volume 1. Thomson Gale. Retrieved on October 1, 2006.
- ^ Booker, p200, repeated verbatim by Farrer & Brownbill.
- ^ Downham, p149.
- ^ Booker, p201.
- ^ Downham.
- ^ "40 years ago", Stockport Express, Guardian Media Group, 2002-12-10. Retrieved on October 28, 2006.
- ^ "Boddingtons' bid £1M. for R. Clarke", The Times, 1962-12-08, p. 13.
- ^ a b (1991) in Jones, Rhys P (ed): Viaduct and vaults: a celebration of Stockport's pubs. St Albans: CAMRA Ltd, p43. ISBN 1-85249-054-3.
- ^ History page. 3 Rivers Brewery. Retrieved on October 30, 2006.
- ^ a b Edwardson, Peter (28 October 2006). Stockport Pub Guide M-Z. Retrieved on October 30, 2006.
- ^ a b Ordnance Survey; Jill Cronin [1904] (1994). Old Ordnance Survey Maps: North Reddish and S W Denton. Gateshead: Alan Godfrey Maps. ISBN 0-85054-654-0.
- ^ Blue Plaque Winners. Stockport MBC web site. Retrieved on February 8, 2007.
- ^ In the early stages of the blue plaque campaign that saw the Houldsworth WMC honoured, the council's web site mistakenly listed and described Reddish WMC. The web page was originally at www.stockport.gov.uk/content/councildemoc/council/campaigns/blueplaqueselection/reddishworkingmensclub, now removed, and stated "The club was founded by Robert Hyde Greg in 1845 as a Mechanics Institute and Library and located within the Albert Mills. It was acknowledged to be the oldest club on the Club and Institute Union Register. From 1878, it occupied part of the Albert British School until 1891, when a new building was erected on the present site."
- ^ Booker, p200.
- ^ a b c Wilson, John Marius (1870-72). Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales. Cited at Reddish Lancashire through time. A Vision of Britain through Time. Great Britain Historical GIS Project. Retrieved on October 5, 2006.
- ^ Cronin, p8.
- ^ Ashmore pp 28, 84. Cronin pp 7, 41.
- ^ Cronin pp 7, 12.
- ^ Ashmore pp 28-9
- ^ Cronin pp 40-41. Hartwell et al p 582.
- ^ Hartwell et al p 230.
- ^ Seymore, Jane (2000). "Appendix 4, Human Poverty Index for British Parliamentary Constituencies and OECD Countries", Poverty in Plenty: A Human Development Report for the UK. London: Sterling Earthscan Publications Ltd, pp 143, 147-8, 153, 156. ISBN 978-1853837074.
- ^ National Statistics Online, Model-Based Estimates of Income for Wards (April 01 to March 02), retrieved 14 February 2006.
- ^ North West Selected Key Statistics, National Statistics, retrieved 14 February 2006.
- ^ Stockport District Centres ANNUAL UPDATE January 2004 (pdf). Stockport Metropolitan Borough Council (January 2004). Retrieved on October 25, 2006.
- ^ Agora Project. Stockport Metropolitan Borough Council. Retrieved on October 25, 2006.
- ^ AGORA. Manchester Metropolitan University Business School. Retrieved on October 25, 2006.
- ^ District Centres. Stockport MBC web site. Retrieved on February 8, 2007.
- ^ Reddish Corridor. u to us (14 October 2004). Retrieved on October 21, 2006.
- ^ Bus routes & timetables are at GMPTE - Public Transport for Greater Manchester, UK. GMPTE. Retrieved on October 20, 2006. See: 7 (Stockport-Ashton); 178 (Reddish-Wythenshawe Hospital); 203 (Stockport - Manchester); 317 (Hazel Grove-Ashton).
- ^ a b "David Cameron embroiled in fresh race row", The Daily Telegraph, Telegraph Group Limited, 10 April 2006. Retrieved on October 4, 2006.
- ^ a b Cameron lambasts Tory candidate. BBC NEWS. BBC (10 April 2006). Retrieved on October 4, 2006.
- ^ Denton and Reddish. Guradian Unlimited Politics. Guardian Newspapers Limited. Retrieved on October 4, 2006.
- ^ Church Details - Diocese of Manchester Web Site. The Diocese of Manchester web site. The Diocese of Manchester. Retrieved on October 14, 2006.
- ^ St Agnes Church, North Reddish - An Inclusive Church. Retrieved on October 14, 2006.
- ^ Hartwell et al, p372.
- ^ Welcome to Christ Church. Retrieved on October 14, 2006.
- ^ Church Details - Diocese of Manchester Web Site. The Diocese of Manchester web site. The Diocese of Manchester. Retrieved on October 14, 2006.
- ^ St Elisabeth's. Retrieved on October 14, 2006.
- ^ Parish details ( Mass times and Websites ). Salford Diocese pages. Salford Diocese (2006). Retrieved on October 14, 2006.
- ^ Parish details ( Mass times and Websites ). Salford Diocese pages. Salford Diocese (2006). Retrieved on October 14, 2006.
- ^ Church Details - Diocese of Manchester Web Site. The Diocese of Manchester web site. The Diocese of Manchester. Retrieved on October 14, 2006.
- ^ Pevsner, Nikolaus; Edward Hubbard (1969). The Buildings of England: South Lancashire. London: Penguin, p372. ISBN 0-14-071036-1.
- ^ Welcome to Reddish Christian Fellowship. Retrieved on October 13, 2006.
- ^ Stockport - Adventist Organizational Directory. Archives&Statistics. General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists (12 January 2003). Retrieved on October 13, 2006.
