Richelieu class battleship
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Richelieu class battleship | |
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| Class Overview | |
| Type: | battleship |
| Name: | Richelieu |
| Number of ships: | 2 |
| Preceded by: | Planned: Lyon class battleship Built: Bretagne class battleship |
| Succeeded by: | Planned: Alsace class battleship |
| General characteristics | |
| Displacement: | 48,950 tonnes |
| Length: | 248 m |
| Beam: | 35 m |
| Draught: | 9.60 m |
| Propulsion: | four Parsons geared turbines, 150,000 hp (112 MW) |
| Speed: | 32 knots (59 km/h) |
| Range: | 7,671 nautical miles (14,207 km) at 20 knots (37 km/h); 3181 nautical miles (5,891 km) at 30 knots (56 km/h) |
| Protection: | belt: 330 mm upper armoured deck: 150 mm |
| Complement: | 911 men in 1950 (incomplete) 1,280 men during the Suez affair. |
| Armament: | 8 × 380 mm in 2 quad turrets on the bow 9 × 152 mm AA in 3 triple turrets at the aft |
The Richelieu class battleships were the last and largest of the battleships of the French Navy, staying in service into the 60s. They were derived from the Dunkerque class, and designed to counter the threat of the Italian Navy. Their speed, shielding, armament and overall technology were state of the art (note the unusual 4-gun turret arrangement).
In the context of the Treaty of Washington, the quad arrangement had the advantage of saving weight on turret armouring, compared to four double turrets, while retaining the same firepower. The drawback was that a single lucky shot immobilising one of the turrets would effectively put half the main artillery out of action. On the other hand, the entirety of the main artillery was able to fire forwards, as the ship closed in to her enemy, in an angle where she made the smalled possible target.
Originally, four units were planned, but only the first two, the Richelieu and the Jean Bart, were fitting at the outbreak of the Second World War.
The third unit, the Clemenceau, was destroyed while still under construction. The fourth unit, the planned Gascogne, was never started. She was planned to bear her second turret on the aft of the ship, bringing back a more traditional design.
The Richelieu and the Jean Bart saw action during the war, initially under Vichy France, and with the Free French Forces after the Allies captured North Africa.
They saw action again during the Indochina War and the Suez Crisis.
| Richelieu class battleship |
| Richelieu | Jean Bart | Clemenceau | Gascogne |
List of battleships of France |
