Skírnismál

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

AM 748 I 4^to, one of the two manuscripts to preserve Skírnismál, has notes on the margin indicating the speaker of each verse. Some scholars consider this a clue that the poem might have been performed as ritual drama.

Skírnismál (Sayings of Skírnir) is one of the poems of the Poetic Edda. It is preserved in the 13th century manuscripts Codex Regius and AM 748 I 4to but may have been originally composed in heathen times. Many scholars believe that the poem was acted out, perhaps in a sort of hiéros gamos.

[edit] Synopsis

The prose prologue to the poem says that the god Freyr, the son of Njörðr, sits in Odin's throne, Hliðskjálf and looked over all the worlds. On looking to Jötunheimr, the land of the giants, Freyr sees a beautiful girl and is immediately seized by love. Fearing that the object of his heart's desire is unattainable, gloom settles upon him.

The poem itself starts with the wife of Njörðr, bidding Skírnir to ask of Freyr why he is so sad. Skírnir, fearing his master's wrath, nevertheless does as he is bidden. Freyr's response is sullen, yet he pours his heart out. Skírnir agrees to undertake a journey to woo Gerðr, and Freyr furnishes him with his magical steed and sword.

Skírnir tries to woo Gerðr for Freyr by offering precious gifts.

Skírnir duly fetches up in Jötunheimr, at the hall of the giant Gymir. Gerðr, the daughter of Gymir bids him enter the hall; without further ado, Skírnir tries to woo Gerðr on Freyr's behalf, offering first gifts then threats. Eventually, Gerðr succumbs. Skírnir reports to Freyr, who asks him:

Tell me, Skírnir, before unsaddling

Or stepping forth another pace

Is the news you bring from Jotunheim

For better or for worse?

Skírnir replies:

In the woods of Barri, which know we both so well,

A quiet still and tranquil place

In nine nights time to Njörd's son

Will Gerd give herself.

Freyr responds:

One night is long enough, yet longer still are two;

How then shall I contend with three?

For months have passed more quickly

Than half a bridal eve.

[edit] External links

[edit] Translations

Wikisource has original text related to this article:

Skírnismál

• Skirnismol Henry A. Bellows' translation and commentary
• För Skírnis eðr Skírnismál Benjamin Thorpe's translation
• Skirnismal Lee M. Hollander's translation
• Skírnismál Bellows' translation with clickable names
• Journey of Skirner A. S. Cottle's translation
• The Lay of Skirnir Translation by W. H. Auden and P. B. Taylor

[edit] Editions

• Skírnismál Sophus Bugge's edition
• Skírnismál Guðni Jónsson's edition

[edit] Scholarship

• Skírnismál as Ritual Drama Article by Rick McGregor
• The Elder Edda and Ancient Scandinavian Drama Book by Bertha S. Phillpotts