Sunflower oil
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Sunflower Oil is the non-volatile oil expressed from sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seeds. Sunflower oil is commonly used in food as a frying oil, and in cosmetic formulations as an emollient.
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[edit] Chemical structure
Sunflower oil contains predominantly linoleic acid in triglyceride form. The British Pharmacopoeia lists the following profile:[1]
- Palmitic acid : 4.0 per cent to 9.0 per cent,
- Stearic acid : 1.0 per cent to 7.0 per cent,
- Oleic acid : 14.0 per cent to 40.0 per cent,
- Linoleic acid : 48.0 per cent to 74.0 per cent.
There are several types of sunflower oils produced, such as high linoleic, high oleic and mid oleic. High linoleic sunflower oil typically has at least 69% linoleic acid. High oleic sunflower oil has at least 82% oleic acid. Variation in fatty acid profile are strongly influenced by both genetics and climate.
Sunflower oil also contains lecithin, tocopherols, carotenoids and waxes. Sunflower oil's properties are typical of a vegetable triglyceride oil. Healthy, natural sunflower oil is produced from oil type sunflower seeds. Sunflower oil is light in taste and appearance and has a high Vitamin E content. It is a combination of mono-unsaturated and polyunsaturated fats with low saturated fat levels.
[edit] Physical properties
Sunflower oil is liquid at room temperature. The refined oil is clear and slightly amber-colored with a slightly fatty odor.
[edit] Uses
As a frying oil, Sunflower oil behaves as a typical vegetable triglyceride. In cosmetics, it has smoothing properties and is considered noncomedogenic. Only the high-oleic variety possesses shelf life sufficient for commercial cosmetic formulation. Sunflower oil's INCI name is Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil.
[edit] Health benefits
There are a variety of health benefits associated with the consumption of sunflower oil.
[edit] Diet and cardiovascular Benefits
Sunflower oil is high in the essential vitamin E and low in saturated fat. The two most common types of sunflower oil are Linoleic and High oleic. Linoleic sunflower oil is a common cooking oil that has high levels of the essential fatty acids called polyunsaturates. It is also known for having a clean taste and low levels of trans fat. High oleic sunflower oils are classified as having monounsaturated levels of 80% and above. Newer versions of sunflower oil have been developed as a hybrid containing linoleic acid. They have monounsaturated levels lower than other oleic sunflower oils. The hybrid oil also has lower saturated fat levels than linoleic sunflower oil (www.sunflowernsa.com). Sunflower oil of any kind has been shown to have cardiovascular benefits as well. Diets combined with a low fat content and high levels of oleic acid have been suggested to lower cholesterol which, in turn, results in a smaller risk of heart disease (www.ars.usda.gov). Sunflower oils fit this criteria. A diet consisting of sunflower oil may lower cholesterol by as much as 5%. Studies of adults suggested that a balanced diet with sunflower oil has detectable cholesterol- reducing benefits. Research suggests that lower cholesterol levels can be caused by balances of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. Sunflower oil may help with this balance (www.newstarget.com).
[edit] Restaurant and food industry uses
Restaurants and food manufacturers are also beginning to utilize the health benefits of the oil. They are continuing to look for ways to offer a healthier selection of food. Sunflower oil may be a healthy way to cook their menu items. The oil can be used in conditions with extremely high cooking temperatures (www.newstarget.com). It may also help food stay fresher and healthier for longer periods of time (www.ars.usda.gov). Grocery store shoppers might also be looking for healthy items on shelves. Food manufacturers are looking into the sunflower oil option to lower the levels of trans fat in mass production of foods (www.newstarget.com).
[edit] Sunflower oil as skin protection
Sunflower oil may also have suggested skin-health benefits as well. Sunflower oil, like other oils, can retain moisture in the skin. However, it may also provide a protective barrier that resists infection. Studies using sunflower oil have been conducted involving preterm infants that are often susceptible to infection due to their underdeveloped skin. (In infants, the skin is a major form of protection against infection.) Research suggests that preterm infants with low birth weight can benefit from sunflower oil skin treatments. Infections decreased by 41% in infants that received a daily skin treatment of sunflower oil. The sunflower oil provided a protective barrier against infection that was not otherwise present on the infant (www.medscape.com).
[edit] References
- ^ British Pharmacopoeia Commission. "Ph Eur monograph 1371", British Pharmacopoeia 2005. Norwich, England: The Stationery Office. ISBN 0-11-322682-9.
[edit] External links
- http://www.sunflowernsa.com/health/default.asp?contentID=45
- http://www.sunflowernsa.com/all-about/default.asp?contentID=41
- http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/pr/1998/980611.htm
- http://www.newstarget.com/009426.html
- http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/501077
| Edible fats and oils | |
|---|---|
| Fats | Butter • Cocoa butter • Ghee • Lard • Margarine • Salo • Schmaltz • Shea butter • Suet • Tallow • Vegetable shortening |
| Oils | Almond oil • Canola oil • Coconut oil • Corn oil • Cottonseed oil • Grape seed oil • Olive oil • Palm oil • Peanut oil • Pumpkin seed oil • Rapeseed oil • Safflower oil • Sesame oil • Soybean oil • Sunflower oil • Walnut oil |
| See also: | List of vegetable oils |
